Flavobacterium fryxellicola sp. nov. and Flavobacterium psychrolimnae sp. nov., novel psychrophilic bacteria isolated from microbial mats in Antarctic lakes (original) (raw)
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Microbacterium flavum sp. nov. and Microbacterium lacus sp. nov., isolated from marine environments
Actinomycetologica, 2007
Strains YM18-098 T and A5E-52 T were both Gram-positive, aerobic, irregular rod-shaped bacteria, with lysine and ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acids of their peptidoglycans, respectively. The acyl type of the peptidoglycan in both cases was N-glycolyl. The major menaquinones were MK-11,-12 and-13. Mycolic acids were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 69-70 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA studies revealed that the isolates belonged to the genus Microbacterium, that YM18-098 T was closely related to the species Microbacterium lacticum and Microbacterium schleiferi, and that A5E-52 T was closely related to the species Microbacterium aurum, Microbacterium aoyamense, Microbacterium deminutum and Microbacterium pumilum. DNA-DNA relatedness analysis showed that the isolated strains represented two separate genomic species. Based on both phenotypic and genotypic data, the following new species of the genus Microbacterium are proposed: Microbacterium flavum sp. nov. and Microbacterium lacus sp. nov., with the type strains YM18-098 T (= MBIC08278 T , DSM 18909 T) and A5E-52 T (= MBIC08279 T , DSM 18910 T), respectively.
Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2018
A taxonomic study of 24 Gram-stain-negative rod-shaped bacteria originating from the Antarctic environment is described. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing differentiated isolated strains into two groups belonging to the genus Flavobacterium. Group I (n = 20) was closest to Flavobacterium aquidurense WB 1.1-56 T (98.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) while group II (n = 4) showed Flavobacterium hydatis DSM 2063 T as its nearest neighbour (98.5-98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Despite high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, these two groups represented two distinct novel species as shown by phenotypic traits and low genomic relatedness assessed by rep-PCR fingerprinting, DNA-DNA hybridization and whole-genome sequencing. Common to representative strains of both groups were the presence of major menaquinone MK-6 and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. Common major fatty acids were C 15:0 iso, C 15:1 iso G, C 15:0 iso 3-OH, C 17:0 iso 3 OH and Summed Feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7c/C 16:1 ω6c). Strain CCM 8828 T (group I) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified lipids lacking a functional group, three unidentified aminolipids and single unidentified glycolipid in the polar lipid profile. Strain CCM 8825 T (group II) contained phosphatidylethanolamine, eight unidentified lipids lacking a functional group, three unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified glycolipids in the polar lipid profile. These characteristics corresponded to characteristics of the genus Flavobacterium. The obtained results showed that the analysed strains represent novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium circumlabens sp. nov. (type strain CCM 8828 T = P5626 T = LMG 30617 T) and Flavobacterium cupreum sp. nov.
Actinomycetologica, 2008
The taxonomic positions of three novel strains isolated from soil, driftwood and sediment samples collected in Japan were investigated based on the results of chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The strains that we examined were Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacteria with L-ornithine as a diagnostic diamino acid of peptidoglycan. The acyl type of peptidoglycan was N-glycolyl. The major menaquinones were MK-11,-12,-13 and/or-14. Mycolic acids were not detected. The G+C content of the DNA was 68 to 70 mol%. These morphological and chemotaxonomical characters and comparative 16S rDNA analysis of the three isolated strains revealed that they belong to the genus Microbacterium. DNA-DNA relatedness data revealed that the three isolates are three new species of the genus Microbacterium. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, the isolates should be classified as novel species of the genus Microbacterium: Microbacterium awajiense sp. nov., Microbacterium fluvii sp. nov. and Microbacterium pygmaeum sp. nov. with the type strains YM13-414 T (=MBIC08276 T , DSM 18907 T), YSL3-15 T (=MBIC08277 T , DSM 18908 T) and KV-490 T (=NRRL B-24469 T , NBRC 101800 T), respectively.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2008
A novel bacterium, MTT-39 T , was isolated from a sample of marine sediment collected at Tottori on the coast of the Sea of Japan. Cells were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-motile. The bacterium formed yellowish brown colonies on marine agar 2216. Although the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MTT-39 T classified this strain as a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, the maximum sequence similarity obtained was only 91.5 % (with Kordia algicida OT-1 T). In the maximum-likelihood tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the novel bacterium clustered with the type strains of Kordia algicida, Lutibacter litoralis, Tenacibaculum maritimum and Polaribacter filamentus. The novel strain exhibited the following characteristics: the predominant fatty acids in cells grown on artificial seawater-based tryptic soya agar were iso-C 15 : 1 , iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, the major respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the DNA G+C content was 35 mol%. On the basis of its distinct phenotypic traits and the phylogenetic distance between this marine isolate and other recognized taxa, strain MTT-39 T represents a novel genus and species of the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Fulvibacter tottoriensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is MTT-39 T (5NBRC 102624 T 5KCTC 22214 T 5CGMCC 1.7058 T).
Flavobacterium hibernum sp. nov., a lactose-utilizing bacterium from a freshwater Antarctic lake
1998
Four freshwater Antarctic lakes were examined for the presence of pgalactosidase-producing bacteria using mineral medium enrichments and lactose. Enrichments from only one of the lakes produced growth and two strains were isolated that were very similar in phenotype and fatty acid profile, and shared considerable homology in their DNA (DNA-DNA hybridization = 9327 YO). The strains were psychrotrophic with theoretical T,,,,,, Tmin and To,, of 30-31, -7 O and 26 "C, respectively. The P-galactosidase in cell extracts had an optimal activity at 39 "C. The strains were Gram-negative rods, showed gliding motility, contained branched and hydroxy fatty acids, and menaquinone 6 as the major respiratory quinone. The strains did not form microcysts and utilized lactose while using ammonium ions as a source of nitrogen, and a range of other sugars. The G+C content of the DNA was 34 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of one of the strains, by comparison of 165 rDNA sequences, showed that it was most similar, but not identical to, Flavobacterium columnare and [Sporocytophaga] cauliformis '. Both species could be differentiated phenotypically from the Antarctic isolates. DNA-DNA hybridization of the Antarctic isolate with six different members of the Flavobacterium 165 rDNA cluster showed no strain with greater than 18% relatedness. The nearest type species to the Antarctic isolate in the phylogenetic analysis was Flavobacterium aquatile. The name Flavobacterium hibernum is proposed for the Antarctic strains, and the type strain is ATCC 51468T (= ACAM 376T).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2000
CMS 19Y T , a psychrophilic bacterium, was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample from a pond in Antarctica and was characterized taxonomically. The bacterium was aerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment that was insoluble in water but soluble in methanol. No growth factors were required and it was able to grow between 5 and 30 SC, between pH 6 and pH 9 and tolerated up to 115 % NaCl. The cell wall peptidoglycan was Lys-Thr-Ala3 (the A3α variant) and the major menaquinone was MK-9(H 2 ). The GMC content of the DNA was 64O2 mol %. The 16S rDNA analysis indicated that CMS 19Y T is closely related to group I Arthrobacter species and showed highest sequence similarity (9791 %) with Arthrobacter agilis. Furthermore, DNA-DNA hybridization studies also indicated 77 % homology between CMS 19Y T and A. agilis. It differed from A. agilis, however, in that it was psychrophilic, nonmotile, yellow in colour, exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle, had a higher degree of tolerance to NaCl and was oxidase-and urease-negative and lipasepositive. In addition, it had a distinct fatty acid composition compared to that of A. agilis : the predominant fatty acids were C 15 :0 , anteiso-C 15 :0 , C 16 :0 , iso-C 16 :0 , C 17 :0 , anteiso-C 17 :0 and C 18 :0 . It is proposed, therefore, that CMS 19Y T should be placed in the genus Arthrobacter as a new species, i.e. Arthrobacter flavus sp. nov. The type strain of A. flavus is CMS 19Y T (l MTCC 3476 T ).
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, 2009
A yellow-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, moderately thermophilic, rodshaped bacterium, CC-MHSW-2 T , was isolated from a coastal hot spring of Green Island (Lutao), located off Taituang, Taiwan. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that it shared ,93.2 % sequence similarity with Aquimarina species. The organism was unable to produce acid from carbohydrates, but it could utilize a number of organic acids and amino acids. Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the major respiratory quinone and iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C 16 : 1 v7c and/or C 16 : 1 v6c) were the predominant fatty acids. This fatty acid profile distinguished the isolate from members of the genera Aquimarina, Tamlana, Zhouia, Leeuwenhoekiella and Cellulophaga. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-MHSW-2 T was 39.7±1 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain CC-MHSW-2 T represents a novel genus and species in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Lutaonella thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-MHSW-2 T (5KCTC 22538 T 5JCM 15069 T). The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CC-MHSW-2 T is EU287913.
Galbibacter mesophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2007
Galbibacter mesophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae A Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strain (Mok-17 T ) was isolated from marine sediment sampled in Okinawa Island, Japan. Based on analysis of the almost complete sequence of its 16S rRNA gene, strain Mok-17 T was found to belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae. Strain Mok-17 T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (91 %) to Leeuwenhoekiella marinoflava and Robiginitalea biformata. In a phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene, strain Mok-17 T formed a deep branch distinct from all other organisms in the family Flavobacteriaceae. The major quinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-15 : 0, iso-15 : 1, iso-17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (16 : 1v7c and/or iso-15 : 0 2-OH). The DNA G+C content was 37 mol%. The phylogenetic distance to the type strains of all recognized species in the family Flavobacteriaceae and the phenotypic properties of strain Mok-17 T supported its classification as representing a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Galbibacter mesophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Mok-17 T (=NBRC 101624 T =CIP 109219 T ).
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2004
A Gram-negative bacterium designated LA1 T was isolated from water collected in hypersaline Lake Laysan on Laysan Island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Cells occurred singly as fine rods to short filaments. Growth in 50 % strength marine broth occurred optimally when the medium contained 7?5-10 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids in LA1 T grown at 15 and 30 6C were 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid and 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene showed that LA1 T belonged in the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides (CFB) group in the domain Bacteria. The closest described neighbour in terms of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity was Psychroflexus torquis ACAM 623 T (94?4 % over 1423 bases), an obligate psychrophile from Antarctic sea-ice. The G+C content of 35?0 mol% was consistent with this affiliation. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses, including DNA hybridization, indicated that LA1 T could be assigned to the genus Psychroflexus but, based on significant differences, including growth at 43 6C, it constitutes a novel species, Psychroflexus tropicus sp. nov., for which LA1 T (=ATCC BAA-734 T =DSM 15496 T) is the type strain.