Genome of Bovine Herpesvirus 5 (original) (raw)
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Functional analysis of the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5
Journal of NeuroVirology, 2019
Bovine herpesvirus type 1 and type 5 (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5) are two alphaherpesviruses that affect cattle with two different syndromes. While BoHV-1 mainly produces respiratory symptoms, BoHV-5 is highly neuropathogenic and responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle. The latency-related (LR) gene, which is not conserved between these two herpesviruses, is the only viral gene abundantly expressed in latently infected neurons. The antiapoptotic action of this gene has been demonstrated during acute infection and reactivation from latency and seems to be mainly mediated by a LR protein (ORF-2) which is truncated in amino acid 51 in the case of BoHV-5. In this work, we show that the BoHV-5 LR gene is less efficient at cell survival and apoptosis inhibition in transient as well as in established neuronal cell lines compared to its BoHV-1 homolog. We hypothesize that the BoHV-5 LR gene may have novel functions that are lacking in the BoHV-1 LR gene and that these differences may contribute to its enhanced neuropathogenesis.
Biology of bovine herpesvirus 5
The Veterinary Journal, 2010
Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) is an alphaherpesvirus responsible for meningoencephalitis in young cattle and is closely antigenically and genetically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Both viruses have common aspects in their pathogenesis: (1) they infect epithelial cells at the portal of entry and (2) they establish a latent infection in the sensory nerve ganglia, i.e., the trigeminal ganglia. However, they have different neuroinvasion and neurovirulence capacities. Only in rare cases can BoHV-1 reach the brain of infected cattle. BoHV-5 infection induces different degrees of severity of neurological disease depending on both viral and host factors. Although a case of BoHV-5 associated disease in Europe and some outbreaks in USA and Australia have been reported, the current geographical distribution of BoHV-5 infection is mainly restricted to South America, especially Brazil and Argentina. This review focuses on the genomic characteristics, pathobiology and epidemiology of BoHV-5, in order to provide information on the possible basis of alphaherpesvirus neuropathogenesis.
Genetic diversity of 3′ region of glycoprotein D gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5
Virus Genes, 2014
Bovine herpesviruses 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses of cattle. While BoHV-1 is mainly associated with respiratory/genital disease and rarely associated with neurological disease, BoHV-5 is the primary agent of meningoencephalitis in cattle. The envelope glycoprotein D of alphaherpesviruses (BoHV-1/gD1 and BoHV-5/gD5) is involved in the early steps of virus infection and may influence virus tropism and neuropathogenesis. This study performed a sequence analysis of the 3 0 region of gD gene (gD3 0 ) of BoHV-1 isolates recovered from respiratory/genital disease (n = 6 and reference strain Cooper) or from neurological disease (n = 7); and from seven typical neurological BoHV-5 isolates. After PCR amplification, nucleotide (nt) sequencing, and aminoacid (aa) sequence prediction; gD3 0 sequences were compared, identity levels were calculated, and selective pressure was analyzed. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on nt and aa sequences allowed for a clear differentiation of BoHV-1 (n = 14) and BoHV-5 (n = 7) clusters. The seven BoHV-1 isolates from neurological disease are grouped within the BoHV-1 branch. A consistent alignment of 346 nt revealed a high similarity within each viral species (gD1 = 98.3 % nt and aa; gD5 = 97.8 % nt and 85.8 % aa) and an expected lower similarity between gD1 and gD5 (73.7 and 64.1 %, nt and aa, respectively). The analysis of molecular evolution revealed an average negative selection at gD3 0 . Thus, the phylogeny and similarity levels allowed for differentiation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 species, but not further division in subspecies. Sequence analysis did not allow for the identification of genetic differences in gD3 0 potentially associated with the respective clinical/pathological phenotypes, yet revealed a lower level of gD3 0 conservation than previously reported.
Viruses, 2018
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of several microbes that contributes to the development of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and can also induce abortions in cattle. As other alpha-herpesvirinae subfamily members, BoHV-1 efficiently replicates in many cell types and subsequently establishes a life-long latent infection in sensory neurons. BoHV-1 encodes more than 70 proteins that are expressed in a well-defined manner during productive infection. However, in silico open reading frame (ORF) prediction of the BoHV-1 genome suggests that the virus may encode more than one hundred proteins. In this study we used mass spectrometry followed by proteogenomic mapping to reveal the existence of 92 peptides that map to previously un-annotated regions of the viral genome. Twenty-one of the newly termed “intergenic peptides” were predicted to have a viable ORF around them. Twelve of these produced an mRNA transcript as demonstrated by strand-specific RT-PCR. We further characterized the...
Identification of gene products encoded by the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1
Journal of virology, 1995
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of infected animals. Expression of latency-related (LR) gene products is controlled by a 980-bp fragment (LR promoter). DNA sequence analysis revealed that two major open reading frames (ORFs) are in the LR gene. Antibodies directed against both ORFs were generated in rabbits by using synthetic peptides. Antibody P2, which is directed to sequences near the amino terminus of ORF 2, recognized a 41-kDa protein in lytically infected cells, suggesting that ORF 2 encodes a protein. When the LR gene was inserted into a mammalian expression vector and subsequently transfected into COS-7 cells, a 41-kDa protein was detected by use of silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and by the P2 antibody. In contrast, this protein was not detected in mock-transfected cells. Deletion of DNA sequences containing ORF 2 blocked synthesis of the 41-kDa protein in COS-7 cells. Reverse transcriptase-...
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1): A review on latency and persistence of infection in cattle
2019
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a well known pathogen of cattle responsible for polymicrobial disease such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, vulvovaginitis, and balanopostitis. The disease caused by virus is ranging from acute form having active replication of virus to chronic form resulting in latency stage of virus. The lifelong latency is well established in the sensory neurons of infected cattle. There are different latency-related (LR) gene loci, which are expressed in latently infected neurons. Many predisposing factors like corticosteroids, environment stressors result reactivation of latency stage of virus. This ability of virus to reactivate from latency stage in cattle made it an attractive for studying the replication mechanism of virus. Therefore, mechanism and different genes responsible for BoHV-1 latencyreactivation in cattle are discussed in this review.
Virology, 1995
Herpesvirus glycoprotein C (gC) functions as a major virus attachment protein. The gC sequence of the neurovirulent bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) virus was determined and compared with the gC sequence of the nonneurovirulent BHV-1. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences of BHV-1 and BHV-5 gC ORFs showed that the amino-terminal third of the protein differed between the two viruses. Whole or subgenomic fragments of gC coding regions from both viruses were expressed as trpE-gC fusion proteins in Escherichia coil to map linear epitopes defined by type-specific murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Based on the reactivity of BHV-l-specific MAbs with the recombinant proteins, two epitopes were mapped between BHV-1 gC residues 22 and 172. Unidirectional deletion of these residues at the carboxy end mapped one within residues 22-69 and the other within residues 103-122. Two BHV-5-specific MAbs identified an epitope coding region within BHV-5 gC residues 31-78. Bovine antisera against BHV-1 and BHV-5 showed specificity to BHV-1 gC residues 22-69 and to BHV-5 gC residues 31-78, respectively, in a type-specific manner.
Open veterinary journal, 2012
Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) belongs to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, genus Varicellovirus. This virus is a major causative agent of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in young cattle. It was first isolated in 1962 from a neurological disease outbreak in Australia. BoHV-5 is genetically and antigenically related to bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), a highly prevalent virus responsible for respiratory and genital disease in cattle. Initially, BoHV-5 was considered a subtype of BoHV-1 (BoHV-1.3). However, the exclusive presentation of outbreaks of neurological disease suggested that the virus was a new agent with characteristics of neuropathogenicity. Even though both are neurotropic viruses, only BoHV-5 is capable of replicating extensively in the central nervous system and inducing neurological disease. Occasionally, encephalitis caused by BoHV-1 has been reported. Like other alpha-herpesviruses, BoHV-5 can establish latency in nervous ganglia and,...