A lightweight balloon-borne laser diode sensor for the in-situ measurement of CO2 at 2.68 micron in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (original) (raw)
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In situ sensing of atmospheric CO2 with laser diodes near 2.05 μm: a spectroscopic study
Infrared Physics & Technology, 2004
A near-infrared diode laser spectrometer was used in the laboratory to study CO 2 line parameters near 2.05 lm. The spectral region was studied with a new generation of laser: antimonide-based quantum-well diode laser from University of Montpellier--France. One line of the (2 0 0 1) III ‹ (0 0 0) band of CO 2 that is suitable for the in situ sensing of the middle atmosphere has been thoroughly studied at 2.05 lm. The results are compared to previous determinations and available databases. We further demonstrate with this new-generation laser the possibility to detect CO 2 at ground levels using the JETDLAG laboratory spectrometer.
2016
The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere plays an important role in the radiative effects in the Earth's climate system. Therefore, it is crucial to increase the number of atmospheric observations in order to quantify the natural sinks and emission sources. We report in this paper the development of a new compact lightweight spectrometer (1.8 kg) called AMULSE based on near infrared laser technology at 2.04 µm coupled to a 6-m open-path multipass cell. The measurements were made using the Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) technique and the spectrometer is hence dedicated to in situ measuring the vertical profiles of the CO 2 at high precision levels (σ Allan = 0.96 ppm in 1 s integration time (1σ)) and with high temporal/spatial resolution (1 Hz/5 m) using meteorological balloons. The instrument is compact, robust, cost-effective, fully autonomous, has low-power consumption, a non-intrusive probe and is plug & play. It was first calibrated and validated in the laboratory and then used for 17 successful flights up to 10 km altitude in the region Champagne-Ardenne, France in 2014. A rate of 100% of instrument recovery was validated due to the pre-localization prediction of the Météo-France based on the flight simulation software.
Sensors, 2016
The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere plays an important role in the radiative effects in the Earth's climate system. Therefore, it is crucial to increase the number of atmospheric observations in order to quantify the natural sinks and emission sources. We report in this paper the development of a new compact lightweight spectrometer (1.8 kg) called AMULSE based on near infrared laser technology at 2.04 µm coupled to a 6-m open-path multipass cell. The measurements were made using the Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) technique and the spectrometer is hence dedicated to in situ measuring the vertical profiles of the CO 2 at high precision levels (σ Allan = 0.96 ppm in 1 s integration time (1σ)) and with high temporal/spatial resolution (1 Hz/5 m) using meteorological balloons. The instrument is compact, robust, cost-effective, fully autonomous, has low-power consumption, a non-intrusive probe and is plug & play. It was first calibrated and validated in the laboratory and then used for 17 successful flights up to 10 km altitude in the region Champagne-Ardenne, France in 2014. A rate of 100% of instrument recovery was validated due to the pre-localization prediction of the Météo-France based on the flight simulation software.
Applied Physics B, 2008
A cryogenically operated laser diode spectrometer (COLD) for the airborne measurement of carbon monoxide is described. The instrument is designed, and fully qualified, for operation on a high-altitude aircraft and the scientific mission is the in situ measurement of trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Sensitivities achieved so far during in-flight operation are a few ppbV with a time resolution of 4 s, coupled with a good reliability. Airborne data, obtained by COLD during research campaigns in Australia and Brazil in the frame of international projects, are also presented to demonstrate COLD in-flight performance.
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We describe progress in developing a laser-based approach for the remote measurement of atmospheric CO 2 from a satellite in low earth orbit. In this method, CO 2 abundance is measured by differential absorption in an overtone band near 1.57 µm. The dry-air mixing ratio can be calculated from the ratio of CO 2 to O 2 , which can be measured using a similar technique applied to an O 2 absorption at 770 nm. A third channel operating at 1.064 µm will be used for cloud and aerosol detection. The approach leverages technology development by the telecommunications industry, using mainly commercially available components, many of which have already been space qualified. Measurement precision better than 1% will be needed to satisfy the scientific requirements. Component stability and noise levels must therefore be thoroughly investigated. In addition, a rigorous calibration strategy will be required. We report initial atmospheric measurements over a horizontal path and results from tests to characterize individual components.
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2000
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Design and performance of a diode laser spectrometer for a stratospheric aircraft
Laser and Particle Beams, 1999
We report the instrument description and the results of the laboratory calibration and tests of a mid-infrared tunable diode spectrometer for in situ trace gas concentration measurements in the stratosphere operating on a stratospheric aircraft. The spectrometer is dedicated to the measurement of the HNO3 amount in the stratospheric aerosols by means of gas-phase absorption spectroscopy on molecular roto-vibrational lines in the mid-infrared, using a tunable diode laser and a multipass absorption cell. The instrument was specifically designed for operation aboard of the stratospheric aircraft M55 Geophysica, in the frame of the Airborne Platform for Earth observation (APE) project. The instrument is part of a measurement package for the measurement of the chemical content of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) and other atmospheric aerosols. This system can be also used as a stand-alone detector of molecular trace gases. Design criteria include an efficient optical layout, with a very...
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Applied Physics B, 2014
We have developed a low-cost, miniaturized laser heterodyne radiometer for highly sensitive measurements of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the atmospheric column. In this passive design, sunlight that has undergone absorption by CO 2 in the atmosphere is collected and mixed with continuous wave laser light that is step-scanned across the absorption feature centered at 1,573.6 nm. The resulting radio frequency beat signal is collected as a function of laser wavelength, from which the total column mole fraction can be de-convolved. We are expanding this technique to include methane (CH 4) and carbon monoxide (CO), and with minor modifications, this technique can be expanded to include species such as water vapor (H 2 O) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O).