Molecular Serum Markers of Liver Fibrosis (original) (raw)

Abstract

Fibrosis is a hallmark histologic event of chronic liver diseases and is characterized by the excessive accumulation and reorganizationoftheextracellularmatrix(ECM).Thegoldstandardforassessmentoffibrosisisliverbiopsy.Asthisprocedurehas variouslimitations,includingriskofpatientinjuryandsamplingerror,anon-invasiveserummarkerforliverfibrosisisdesirable.The increasing understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis has suggested several markers which could be useful indicators of hepaticfibrogenesisandfibrosis.Thesemarkersincludeserummarkersofliverfunction,ECMsynthesis,fibrolyticprocesses,ECM degradation and fibrogenesis related cytokines. Recently, neo-epitopes, which are post-translational modifications of proteins, have beensuccessfullyusedinboneandcartilagediseaseswhicharecharacterizedbyextensiveECMremodeling.Increasingnumbersof studiesarebeingundertakentoidentifyneo-epitopesgeneratedduringliverfibrosis,andwhichultimatelymightbeusefulfordiagnosingandmonitoringfibrogenesis.Todate,themetalloproteinasesgeneratedfragmentofcollagenI,III,IVandVIhavebeenproventobe elevatedintworatmodelsoffibrosis.Thisreviewsummarizestherecenteffortsthathavebeenmadetoidentifypotentiallyreliablenoninvasiveserummarkers.WeusedtherecentlyproposedBIPED(Burdenofdisease,Investigative,Prognostic,Efficacyand Diagnostic) systemtocharacterizepotentialserummarkersandneo-epitopemarkersthathavebeenidentifiedtodate.

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