Biodegradation of high amounts of phenol, catechol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol by Aspergillus awamori cells (original) (raw)
Biodegradation of Phenol: A Review
Phenol is one of the organic pollutants in industrial waste water which causes significant environmental problems. Various methods such as chlorination, flocculation, adsorption etc. have been used for the degradation of phenol. But biological methods have proved to be the most effective and economical approach for the removal of phenol and phenol related compounds. Numerous studies on biodegradation of phenol using different types of microorganisms and bioreactors have been reported. Various kinetic models and the effect of various parameters such as initial phenol concentration, temperature, pH, etc. on biodegradation have been also studied.
Biodegradation of Phenol: Mini Review
Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine, 2020
This paper is a comprehensive review related to the biological degradation of phenol by microorganisms. The aromatic compound, phenol or hydroxybenzene, is produced industrially or naturally. Many microorganisms that are able to biodegrade phenol have been isolated and at the same time, the metabolic pathways responsible for these metabolic processes have been determined. A large number of bacteria were studied in detail especially, pure cultures as well as the pathways of aerobic phenol metabolism and the enzymes involved. Phenol oxygenation occurred as the initial steps through phenol hydroxylase enzymes leading to formation of catechol, pursued by the splitting of the adjacent ring or in between the two groups of catechol hydroxyls. Thus, the physical and chemical environments plus the chemical structures that affecting biodegradation processes are important determining factors for combating of pollution. This nature of chemical structure for the other aromatic compounds is also a main decisive factor of biodegradability.
Biodegradation of phenol review
Phenol and its derivatives are hazardous pollutants that are highly toxic even at low concentrations. The management of wastewater containing high concentrations of phenols represents major economical and environmental challenges to most industries. Biotechnology has been very effective in dealing with major environmental challenges through utilizing different types of bacteria and biocatalysts to develop innovative processes for the biodegradation, biotreatment, and biosorption of various contaminants and wide range of hazardous materials. Biological treatment has proved to be the most promising and most economical approach for the removal of many organic water pollutants such as phenol. Numerous studies have been published in the literature dealing with the biodegradation of phenols utilizing different types of biomasses and different types of reactors. The authors offer a comprehensive review of the present research on the biodegradation of phenols and presents trends for future research and development, with emphasis on an integrated approach that may be adopted to get synergistically enhanced removal rates and to treat the contaminated effluents in an ecologically favorable process.
Kinetic Parameters of Phenol Biodegradation with Different Microorganisms: A Review
Most industries release wastewater contains high concentrations of phenol which is toxic and contaminating the environment. Biological treatments are preferable for the phenolic compounds treatment. This review aims to investigate the impacts of temperatures, pH, and concentration of substrate on the phenolic compounds biodegradation, to compare the kinetic parameters of different microorganisms, and to discuss the different between the kinetic parameters of aerobic and anaerobic treatment. The review showed that most of the phenol biodegrading bacteria are P. Putida species and mixed cultures but P. Putida has a better adaptation to phenol biodegradation. The values of µ max and K s in anaerobic process are smaller than the values attained in aerobic process. The optimum temperature to acclimatize bacteria to the phenol substrate is 30 ºC while the optimum pH condition is between 6.5 and 7.5. As the phenol concentration was increased, there was an increase in the values of the Ks and even when concentration is low; phenols have a significant inhibitory impact on (μ). The values of Ki for phenol degradation for P. putida species were higher than the values of Ki of mixed cultures. The highest Ki value for the phenol degrading among P.Putida species was 1185.8 mg/L and the highest Ki value among mixed cultures was 648.1 mg/L and the highest Ki value among the other species was 2434.7 mg/L.
Phenol Biodegradation Kinetics in the Presence of Supplimentary Substrate
International Journal of Engineering, 2012
Biodegradation of phenol in the presence of glucose as a supplementary substrate was investigated with mixed microbial consortium isolated from waste effluent of coke-steel factory. Batch experiments were carried out at room temperature and pH value of 7. Initial phenol and glucose concentrations were in the range of 25-1000 mg/l and 500-3000 mg/l, respectively. In a dual substrates system the concentration of supplementary source (glucose) was kept constant. It was obvious to find out that glucose as a simple carbon source was initially utilized in the presence of phenol. The rate of phenol degradation started once glucose concentration was significantly depleted. Phenol was known to be an inhibitory substrate, thus Haldane/Andrews kinetic model was applied to evaluate the growth kinetic parameters. The kinetic parameters, mm, Ks and Ki were 0.01 1/h, 27.04 and 127.55 mg/l, respectively. The specific growth rate of the culture in dual substrates system was expressed by SKIP model (R2> 0.951). The values of interaction parameters showed uncompetitive partially inhibition at high phenol concentration.
Environmental Technology, 2013
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Review on Advances in Biodegradation of Phenols: Kinetics, Modelling and Mass Transfer
International journal of research - granthaalayah, 2023
Harmful pollutants like phenol and its derivatives are found in wastewater from a wide range of industries, including oil refining, medicines, coal conversion, chemistry, and petrochemistry. The high concentration, high toxicity, and difficult-to-degrade characteristics of phenols in wastewater pose a serious threat to the environment and to human health. By employing different strains of microorganisms and biocatalysts to create biodegradation procedures of diverse pollutants and a wide spectrum of hazardous compounds, biotechnology has successfully addressed significant environmental challenges. Among various phenols removal techniques, biodegradation is both economical and environmentally friendly. During the study of microbial degradation processes, there is a great deal of interest in the potential for mathematical modelling to forecast microbial growth and degrade harmful or inhibiting environmental pollutants at variable quantities. Such mathematical models are frequently created using aromatic compounds like phenol. The review discusses the following topics: kinetics, modelling, and mass transfer; future scope and directions; diverse microorganisms, bioreactors, the metabolic pathway of phenol, influencing factors, and recent advancements in biological therapy.