Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary CuInS2 Nanorods via a Hydrothermal Route (original) (raw)
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The CuInSe 2 nanoparticles for thin-film solar cells were successfully synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method with acetic acid as a mineralizer. The CuInSe 2 nanoparticles with high purity were formed with acetic acid concentration of 5 M, reaction temperature of 200 1C, and reaction time of 12 h. The concentrations of acetic acid significantly affected the phase, morphology, and size of the prepared particles. The crystallinity and the particle size also increased as a function of the reaction temperature and the reaction time. Room-temperature Raman spectra shows that the single-phased of CuInSe 2 nanoparticles were obtained via the hydrothermal synthesis with acetic acid. We proposed the one-step reaction mechanism for the CuInSe 2 nanoparticles based on the X-ray diffraction and the scanning electron microscopy data.
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We had demonstrated that the morphology and particle size of CuInSe 2 synthesized by a modified solvothermal route could be altered considerably by controlling the reaction temperature, reaction time and washing agents. The particle shape was spherical when deionized water was used as washing agent. Particles with the size down to 15 nm were obtained. When the washing agent changed to ethanol, nano-rods with the diameter ranged from 100 to 200 nm and the length of several micrometer were observed in the SEM.
Chemistry of Materials, 2010
We report on the growth of CuInS 2 n-type semiconductive particles, prepared using N-methylimidazole, as a solvent and/or a complexing agent, as well as their chemical and electrochemical properties. XPS, EDX and ICP-AES have shown that an excess of indium was obtained, which was greater at the surface (CuIn 1.19 S 1.7 at 500°C) than in the bulk (CuIn 1.07 S 1.9 at 500°C). Solid state Raman spectroscopy revealed two crystalline phases: chalcopyrite and the so-called copper-gold phase, and by increasing the annealing temperature of the particles, the formation of the chalcopyrite phase is favored. UV-visible measurements showed that the n-type CuInS 2 possesses a direct bandgap energy of 1.55 eV. To perform the capacitance measurements on a CuInS 2 film by EIS, we used two organic redox couples in nonaqueous media: 5-mercapto-1-methyltetrazolate (T -)/di-5-(1-methyltetrazole) disulfide (T 2 ), and 5-trifluoromethyl-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazolate (G -)/5,5 0bis(2-trifluoromethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole) disulfide (G 2 ). Using these redox couples, we determined Fermi levels of -4.51 eV and -4.53 eV, and majority charge carrier densities of 2.8 Â 10 18 and 9.6 Â 10 18 cm -3 , respectively. According to the energy level diagram of the CuInS 2 /electrolyte interface, the G -/G 2 redox couple is expected to lead to a more efficient device. The present work shows that the complexation of the metal ions and the negative charge on sulfur anions play a key role in the mechanism of formation of CuInS 2 particles. In situ Raman spectroscopy measurements showed that an indium-sulfur precursor is formed prior to the formation of CuInS 2 particles. Indeed, if an indium-sulfur precursor is formed prior to the reaction of sulfur with copper, a much better control of the n-type CuInS 2 properties is obtained. This explains the excess of indium at the surface of the CuInS 2 particles, as well as its n-type semiconductivity.
A new sonochemical method for preparation of different morphologies of CuInS2 nanostructures
Bulletin of Materials Science, 2014
CuInS 2 nanostructures were synthesized by sonochemical route using (bis(salicylate)copper(II)) as a new copper precursor. The effects of different parameters such as sulphur source, solvent, power of irradiation and reaction time on the morphology of the products were investigated. Nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. CuInS 2 nanostructures paste was prepared by doctor's blade technique on the transparent conductive oxide (TCO). The fill factor (FF), open circuit voltage (V oc), and short circuit current (I sc) were obtained by I-V characterization.
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2013
Polycrystalline CuInSe 2 (CISe) nanorods are promising for the fabrication of highly efficient active layers in solar cells. In this work we report on a nanocasting approach, which uses track-etched polycarbonate films as hard templates for obtaining threedimensionally (3D) arranged CISe nanorod arrays. Copper and indium ketoacidoximato complexes and selenourea were employed as molecular precursors. Arrays of parallel isolated cylindrical pores of 100 nm nominal diameter and 5 μm length were used for the infiltration of the precursor solution under inert atmosphere, followed by drying, thermal conversion into a preceramic 'green body', a subsequent dissolution of the template, and a final thermal treatment at 450 °C. The nanorods that where synthesised in this way have dimensions equal to the pore sizes of the template. Investigation of the CuInSe 2 nanorod samples by spectroscopic and diffraction methods confirmed a high purity and crystallinity, and a stoichiometric composition of the CISe ternary semiconductor compound.