Review Article Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Procedures (original) (raw)
Related papers
Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Procedures
Journal of Endodontics, 2008
Tooth discoloration varies in etiology, appearance, localization, severity, and adhesion to tooth structure. It can be defined as being extrinsic or intrinsic on the basis of localization and etiology. In this review of the literature, various causes of tooth discoloration, different bleaching materials, and their applications to endodontically treated teeth have been described. In the walking bleach technique the root filling should be completed first, and a cervical seal must be established. The bleaching agent should be changed every 3-7 days. The thermocatalytic technique involves placement of a bleaching agent in the pulp chamber followed by heat application. At the end of each visit the bleaching agent is left in the tooth so that it can function as a walking bleach until the next visit. External bleaching of endodontically treated teeth with an in-office technique requires a high concentration gel. It might be a supplement to the walking bleach technique, if the results are not satisfactory after 3-4 visits. These treatments require a bonded temporary filling or a bonded resin composite to seal the access cavity. There is a deficiency of evidence-based science in the literature that addresses the prognosis of bleached nonvital teeth. Therefore, it is important to always be aware of the possible complications and risks that are associated with the different bleaching techniques. (J Endod 2008; 34:394 -407)
2008 Plotino - Nonvital Tooth Bleaching: A Review of the Literature and Clinical Procedures
Tooth discoloration varies in etiology, appearance, localization, severity, and adhesion to tooth structure. It can be defined as being extrinsic or intrinsic on the basis of localization and etiology. In this review of the literature, various causes of tooth discoloration, different bleaching materials, and their applications to endodontically treated teeth have been described. In the walking bleach technique the root filling should be completed first, and a cervical seal must be established. The bleaching agent should be changed every 3-7 days. The thermocatalytic technique involves placement of a bleaching agent in the pulp chamber followed by heat application. At the end of each visit the bleaching agent is left in the tooth so that it can function as a walking bleach until the next visit. External bleaching of endodontically treated teeth with an in-office technique requires a high concentration gel. It might be a supplement to the walking bleach technique, if the results are not satisfactory after 3-4 visits. These treatments require a bonded temporary filling or a bonded resin composite to seal the access cavity. There is a deficiency of evidence-based science in the literature that addresses the prognosis of bleached nonvital teeth. Therefore, it is important to always be aware of the possible complications and risks that are associated with the different bleaching techniques. (J Endod 2008; 34:394 -407)
Randomized clinical trial of 2 nonvital tooth bleaching techniques: A 1-year follow-up
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2017
Central (69%) and lateral (20%) maxillary incisors are the teeth most affected by trauma 1 and may be discolored because of the deposition of black ferric sulfide in the dentin tubules after hemolysis of red blood cells and/ or when endodontic filling materials are left in the pulp chamber for extended periods. 2 For patients with discolored endodontically treated teeth, intracoronal bleaching is a conservative esthetic treatment that may delay additional restorative treatment. 3 However, external cervical resorption has been reported after intracoronal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (HP). 4,5 This foreign body reaction and hard tissue destruction at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) area has been associated with the diffusion of HP through dentin tubules and cementum microperforations. Moreover, resorptions seem related to higher concentrations of the bleaching agent and longer exposure times. 6 In addition, the application of heat to accelerate the bleaching effect (the so-called thermocatalytic technique) has also resulted in cervical resorption. 7-17 However, long-term 16-and 19-year follow-ups have shown that resorption can be avoided or minimized to 1.9% of teeth 18,19 when a cervical biomechanical seal is placed to prevent the diffusion of bleaching agent to the
Bleaching of a non‑vital anterior tooth to remove the intrinsic discoloration
International journal of health sciences, 2021
Discoloration of tooth can be extrinsic or intrinsic based on its etiology, site, appearance, and severity. It poses esthetic problem which could be a prime concern for many patients, especially in anterior region of teeth that may be compromised due to previous trauma, caries, or failed restorations. Bleaching is a more conservative approach which is noninvasive as compared with other prosthodontic options like crowns or veneers. Among various bleaching techniques, “Walking bleach technique” is preferred, as it provides better cosmetic outcome with limited side effects. This article aims at presenting a case on walking bleach method performed on endodontically treated teeth, after which a satisfactory aesthetic result was achieved.
Bleaching of severely darkened nonvital tooth case report—48 months clinical control
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Objective: To record in detail, the long-term success of a bleaching treatment employing hydrogen peroxide in a severely darkened tooth. Clinical considerations: Tooth discoloration is an important aesthetic complain of patients. Because it is a relatively common condition, different materials and techniques capable of restoring the tooth color in a minimally invasive, conservative, and longstanding manner were developed. In this case, it was used the association between mediate (walking bleach) and immediate (internal/external) bleaching techniques using hydrogen peroxide as the main agent. Conclusion: The association of techniques was a conservative therapeutic solution to restore the natural color of the right upper central incisor, which was darkened after an endodontic treatment performed more than twenty years ago. The bleaching protocol used presented no risk to the patient, such as cervical resorption and the color was stable over a 48 months period, showing the success of the protocol proposed for this case. Clinical significance: There is a possibility to severely darkened teeth receive an adequate bleaching treatment protocol, which can successfully restore the aesthetics and natural color in a conservative and long lasting way.
Medicina
Objective. The causes of internal posteruptive discoloration of teeth are bleeding, necroses, infections, and endodontic filling materials. The aim of this study was to establish the results of bleaching endodontically treated teeth using walking bleach, in-office, and combined techniques, using 30% carbamide peroxide and 35% hydrogen peroxide, as well as the effect of etiological factors, and the time elapsed after endodontic treatment on the success of bleaching. Materials and Methods. The research involved 30 endodontically treated teeth in healthy patients. Retroalveolar X-rays were taken to check the quality of root canal obturation. Endodontic treatment and obturation were carried out on the discolored non-vital teeth without any previous endodontic treatment. Before bleaching, two millimeters of the filling were removed from the root canal and the very entry into the canal was protected with glass ionomer cement. The teeth were divided into three groups, depending on the blea...
An Overview of Extrinsic Tooth Bleaching and its Impact on Oral Restorative Materials
World Journal of Dentistry
Aim: The aim was focused on compiling a comprehensive overview of the extrinsic tooth bleaching and its mechanisms including in vitro and in vivo measurement methods and analyzing factors affecting the efficacy of the bleaching process on restorative materials and tooth structures. Background: The importance of tooth bleaching for patients has notably gained importance and been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the number of relevant products and procedures over the past two decades, with a concomitant rise in publications on this topic. Literatures have put forth that the mechanisms of tooth bleaching by peroxide agents occur by the diffusion of peroxide through the enamel to cause oxidation, and hence, lightening of colored species, particularly, within the dentinal regions. Results: An electronic search was conducted across Ovid Medline, complemented by a manual search across individual databases, such as Cochrane, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar for the purpose of literature analysis on the mentioned topic. The studies were reviewed and compared. This article summarizes the current scientific and clinical opinions through a brief review with regards to the preferred way of bleaching and its impact on restorative materials. There are controversies in terms of performing tooth bleaching. Regarding extrinsic tooth bleaching, certain literature have pointed out that the in-office method is being followed by a high number of dental practitioners, whereas it should be practiced based on selection of the right cases. Conclusion: Based on previous findings, it is concluded that at-home bleaching technique appears to be the safest technique currently available, which is rapid, easy, and cheap. However, the correct selection of the cases is mandatory. The in-office method provides good outcomes, while it may be insufficient for correcting extreme discoloration. It should be considered that time and concentration are two crucial parameters that have a great influence on the successful bleaching process. These techniques are not entirely free from hazards, and therefore, using these agents under appropriate supervision and consultation with dental professionals is highly essential. Clinical significance: In-office tooth bleaching is a great method for providing rapid tooth bleaching, while it is not as
EFFECTIVENESS OF BLEACHING TECHNIQUES IN NON-VITAL TEETH: LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora)
EFFECTIVENESS OF BLEACHING TECHNIQUES IN NON-VITAL TEETH: LITERATURE REVIEW (Atena Editora), 2022
Due to the appreciation of aesthetic dentistry, patients and professionals have been seeking treatments that favor the naturalness and harmony of teeth. Thus, tooth whitening has been a preferred choice in aesthetic planning, as it presents a minimally invasive treatment for vital, non-vital, discolored or stained teeth. In non-vital teeth, this color change can be the result of pulp necrosis, endodontic materials, filling materials, aging and trauma. Therefore, this literature review aimed to observe the effectiveness of bleaching techniques in non-vital teeth. During data collection, scientific articles published between the years 2000-2020 were selected, arranged in the Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (Medline), in Portuguese and English. Publications on the subject, prior to the year 2000 and after 2020, indexed in other databases or that do not address the objectives of the study were excluded. The data collected were organized chronologically (2000-2020), and descriptively. For correct execution and choice of internal whitening techniques Walking Bleach, Power Bleaching or Mixed Technique), it is essential to carry out a detailed clinical examination, as well as an assertive diagnosis. power techniques bleaching and walking bleach in pulpless teeth has a good acceptance by patients, where it requires follow-ups for preservation and maintenance of cases. Faced with patients' dissatisfaction with dental darkening, tooth whitening techniques have increasingly participated in aesthetic planning. Thus, after reviewing the literature, research showed the same bleaching capacity in devitalized teeth, using different techniques and materials.