Transfusion-transmitted virus infection in renal transplant recipients (original) (raw)

Transfusion-associated TT virus infection and its relationship to liver disease

Hepatology, 1999

TT virus (TTV) has been proposed as the causative agent of non-A to E hepatitis. We studied the association between TTV viremia and biochemical evidence of hepatitis in blood donors and prospectively-followed patients. TTV was found in 7.5% of 402 donors and in 11.0% of 347 patients before transfusion. The rate of new TTV infections was 4.7% in 127 nontransfused, and 26.4% in 182 transfused patients (P F .0001). The risk of infection increased with the number of units transfused (P F .0001). The rate of new TTV infections in 13 patients with non-A to E hepatitis (23.2%) was almost identical to the rate in 124 patients who were transfused, but did not develop hepatitis (21.8%). Of 45 patients with acute hepatitis C, 40.0% were simultaneously infected with TTV. TTV did not worsen the biochemical severity (mean ALT: 537 in TTV؉; 550 in TTV؊) or persistence of hepatitis C. In non-A to E cases, the mean ALT was 182 in those TTV-positive and 302 in TTV-negatives. No consistent relationship between alanine transaminase level and TTV DNA level was observed in 4 patients with long-term, sequential samples. Of 21 viremic subjects, 67% cleared TTV within 5 years (38% in 1 year); 33% were viremic throughout follow-up extending to 22 years. We conclude that TTV is a very common, often persistent infection that is transmitted by transfusion and by undefined nosocomial routes. We found no association between TTV and non-A to E hepatitis and no effect of TTV on the severity or duration of coexistent hepatitis C. TTV may not be a primary hepatitis virus. (HEPATOLOGY 1999;30:283-288.)

Detection of TTV Antigen in Patients with Hepatitis HBV and HCV

Iraqi JMS., 2019

Background: Several lines of evidence have suggested the presence of new hepatitis agents, in addition to established hepatitis viruses A-E. Torque Teno virus (TTV) was more prevalent in patients with hepatitis, so it was thought to have hepatotropic properties. Objective: To detect TTV Ag in apparently healthy blood donors and patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Also, to find out any possible association between the study population demographic data and TTV status. Methods: This study was conducted from the beginning of November, 2017 to the end of March, 2018. Serum samples were collected from 50 patients who had chronic hepatitis HBV or HCV and attended to Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital. Also, sera were collected from a total 43 healthy blood donors from the Blood Donation Center in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City. The clinical characteristics of both patients and controls such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were obtained from hospital records. Serum samples were tested by ELISA technique for detection of TTV Ag. Results: TTV was detected in 89.2% (33 out of 37) of the HBV-positive patients and in 30.8% (4 out of 13) of the HCV-positive patients versus 23.3% of the healthy blood donor (10 out of 43). Results of this study showed that the prevalence of TTV in HBV patients is significantly higher than HCV patients and healthy blood donors. Concerning risk factors, it was found that there was statistically significant relationship between TTV positivity and mean level of ALT but results indicated that the presence of TTV was not associated with AST, sex, age and history of transfusion, surgery and tattooing. Conclusion: TTV may play a role in hepatitis and its presence was associated with biochemical signs of liver disease, and among patients infected with chronic HBV or HCV.

Association Between TT Virus Infection and Cirrhosis in Liver Transplant Patients

Hepatitis Monthly, 2015

Background: Cirrhosis is one of the most severe liver complications, with multiple etiologies. The torque teno virus (TTV), also known as transfusion transmitted virus, which has a high incidence in the world population, is one of the possible increasing risk factors in patients with idiopathic fulminant hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate solitary and co-infection with TTV, in patients with cryptogenic and determined cause of cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 liver transplant patients were consecutively recruited between years 2007 and 2011. Patients were classified, based on recognition of the etiology of cirrhosis to determined (n = 81) and cryptogenic (n = 119) patient groups. The existence of TTV infection was analyzed, using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction method. The presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infective markers, including HBV DNA, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), was evaluated using qualitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay protocols, respectively. Results: The TTV infection was found in 37 of 200 (18.5%) and 53 of 200 (26.5%) plasma and tissue samples of studied liver transplanted patients, respectively. The TTV genomic DNA was found in 32 (26.9%) and 28 (23.5%) of 119 liver tissue and plasma samples of transplanted patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis, respectively. The genomic DNA of TTV was also diagnosed in 21 (25.9%) and nine (11.1%) of the 81 liver tissue and plasma samples of patients with determined cirrhosis, respectively. Significant associations were found between TTV infection with HBV molecular and immunologic infective markers, in liver transplanted patients, with determined and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Conclusions: The diagnosis of the high frequency of solitary TTV and co-infection with HBV, in both liver transplanted patients with cryptogenic and determined cirrhosis, emphasized on the importance of TTV infection in the development of cirrhosis, especially in the cases of cryptogenic ones, prompting for further studies the confirm this agent in the etiology of determined cirrhosis.

High prevalance of TT virus infection in Japanese patients with liver diseases and in blood donors

Journal of Hepatology, 1999

Background/Aims: Although a novel DNA virus, TT virus (TTV), has been isolated from a patient with cryptogenic post-transfusion hepatitis, its pathogenic role remains unclear. To elucidate its prevalence and clinical impact in patients with liver diseases, the presence of TTV DNA was assessed in patients with liver diseases and blood donors (BDs) in Japan using two primer sets, one conventional and the other new and highly sensitive. Methods: We studied 261 samples, 72 with chronic hepatitis associated hepatitis C virus (HCV-CH), 57 with hepatocellular carcinoma associated HCV (HCV-HCC), 12 with HCC without either HCV or hepatitis B virus (NBNC-HCC), and 120 of BDs. Results: Using two primer sets, TTV DNA was detected in 68 (94.4%), 53 (93.0%), 12 (lOO%), and 98 (81.7%) HCV-CH, HCV-HCC, NBNC-HCC, and BDs, respectively. The prevalence was not significantly different between HCV-CH and HCV-HCC, or be-N I 1997, a novel DNA virus, designated as the TT virus (TTV), was cloned by representational differ