Hantavirus infections in humans and commensal rodents in Singapore (original) (raw)
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A newly recognized hantavirus in the Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) in Indonesia
Journal of General Virology, 2009
Hantaviral sequences were recovered from the lung tissue of an Asian house rat (Rattus tanezumi) captured in Serang, Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis of partial L, M and S segment sequences showed that they belonged to a novel hantavirus provisionally named Serang virus (SERV). Notably, SERV is distinct from the hantaviruses associated with rodents of the species Rattus: Seoul virus associated with Rattus norvegicus worldwide and Gou virus isolated from Rattus rattus in China. Instead SERV appeared more closely related to Thailand virus (THAIV) carried by the great bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica). These results suggest the possibility that SERV originated via host-switching, with a possible scenario of (pre)-THAIV 'jumping' from (pre)bandicoots to rats and colonizing this new host species.
During febrile surveillance in the western Java City of Bandung, Indonesia, a patient with clinical symptoms consistent with hantavirus infection was found to have elevated titers of hantavirus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies. A subsequent epizoological investigation demonstrated a higher prevalence of hantavirus IgG antibodies in rodents trapped in the vicinity of the patient's home compared with rodents from a control area (13.2% vs. 4.7%, p ΒΌ 0.036). The Old World Seoul hantavirus was detected by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction in the organs of 71% of the seropositive rodents tested. This is the first report of a Seoul virus infection in Indonesia supported by clinical, serological, and epizoological evidences. These findings suggest that hantavirus infection should be on the clinical differential diagnosis when acutely ill febrile patients report for care in western Java.
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2000
A serological survey has been carried out to detect evidence of hantavirus infection in rodents from two provinces of Thailand. This study aimed to examine virus antibody in 354 rodents trapped among 6 different villages of Nakhon Pathom Province (February-March, 1998) and in 326 rodents trapped among 14 villages of Nakhon Ratchasima Province (August-October, 1998). Seroprevalence among rodents from Nakhon Pathom Province (2.3%), was mostly find in Rattus norvegicus (3.8%) and Bandicota indica (2.6%). In Nakhon Ratchasima Province seroprevalence (4.0%) was mostly in Bandicota indica (19.1%) and Rattus exulans (3.5%).
Serological evidence of hantavirus infections in Malaysia
Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2001
Hantaviruses are primarily rodent-borne and transmission is by inhalation of virus-contaminated aerosols of rodent excreta, especially urine and saliva. The genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, comprises at least 14 serotypes and the symptoms of clinical illness range from mild fever to severe hemorrhagic manifestations with renal complications. Many countries in Southeast Asia are unaware of the importance of hantavirus infections and give them low priority. Malaysia, like other countries in the region, has conducted very few studies on the epidemiology of hantaviruses - and even these were conducted in the 1980s. Using a more extensive range of hantavirus antigens, we conducted a seroprevalence study of rodents and humans and found further evidence of hantavirus infections. Moreover, the data from the antibody profiles strongly suggest the presence of different hantaviruses at the study sites.
Microbiological and epidemiological review of Hantavirus: A Review
Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences
Hantaviruses are rodent viruses that have a world-wide distribution. Rodents and insectivores act as asymptomatic, chronic, persistently infected carrier hosts, whereas humans are dead end hosts and may exhibit symptoms after an incubation period of between one and six weeks. Hantaviruses infect humans and causing either hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS). Due to the absence of the treatment and approved vaccine in the USA, European and Asian countries, the public awareness and precautions are the only way of minimizing the risk of Hantavirus infection. This review provides a microbiological and epidemiological summary of the Hantavirus diseases in rodents and human beings. We concluded that the disease is a serious zoonotic disease the affect animals and humans and the mortality rate is really high. A wide range of different diagnostic tests play an important role in the diagnosis of the Hantavirus.
Tropical Medicine and International Health, 2002
We conducted a serological survey of 632 rodents from the northeast region of Thailand in order to assess the presence of Hantaan-like viruses that may be a risk to the human population. Rodents were collected from rice fields, houses and domestic gardens in five northeastern provinces and tested for IgG reacting sera to Hantaan antigen using enzyme-linked immunoassays. The overall prevalence of Hantavirus infection in rodents was 2.1% (13/632). Species that tested positive included Bandicota indica (4.3% positive within species), Rattus exulans (2.1%), R. losea (1.6%) and R. rattus (0.9%). Species such as R. exulans and R. losea are candidate hosts of unidentified Hantaan-like viruses in Thailand.
Hantavirus Infection on Rats in the Leptospirosis Increased Case Area in Tangerang Regency
Proceedings of the 5th Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Public Health Conference (UPHEC 2019), 2020
Hantavirus infection and leptospirosis are a serious zoonotic disease that spread across the globe. They have similar clinical manifestations, in which the rat is the main reservoir of them. The aim of the study was to identify the percentage of Hantavirus infection and co-infection of Hantavirus and Lepstospira in the rats in an area where increasing cases of leptospirosis occurred. This study was conducted in Tangerang Regency, Banten Province on October to November in 2016. The identification of the trapped rats and the samples were examined by using an immunology test (Elisa) and a molecular test (PCR) to find out the result of Leptospira and Hantavirus infection. A total of 52 rats were caught in the study. They consisted of 2 species (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi). Hantavirus infections were found in 8 of the 48 rats while coinfection (Hantavirus and Leptospira) were found in 6 of the 48 rats. 16.7% of the rats were positively infected by Hantavirus. Meanwhile, the total co-infections with both Hantaviruses and Leptospira were 12.5%. Cautions should be given if R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi were found in one residential area.