Cadmium Accumulation and Antioxidant Responses in Sparus aurata Exposed to Waterborne Cadmium (original) (raw)
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Cadmium accumulation and biochemical responses in Sparus aurata following sub-lethal Cd exposure
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2009
Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal with limited biological function, is widely distributed in the aquatic environment as a result of natural and anthropogenic activities. The effect of 4 and 11 days exposure of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata to sub-lethal concentrations of Cd was evaluated as levels of Cd content and Cd-metallothionein (MT) presence in different organs. The possible genotoxic effect was also evaluated in erythrocytes by using the ''comet assay'', a promising tool for estimating DNA damage at the single-cell level. The results obtained show that in the controls, Cd content was significantly higher in gills compared to in liver, but the treatment of fish with 0.1 mg/l Cd induced a stronger accumulation of metal in liver depending on the length of the exposure period. Cd traces were found in plasma, muscle and kidney. Cd forms complexes in the cytosol with MT only in the liver but Cd-MT content significantly increased after 11 days of exposure to the metal, while after 4 days of treatment the protein level was similar to the control. The ''comet assay'' performed on S. aurata eryhtrocytes isolated from fish treated for 4 and 11 days with 0.1 mg/l Cd, showed that there was no DNA damage at both exposure periods.
Study on the sensitivity to cadmium of marine fish Salaria basilisca (Pisces: Blennidae)
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2009
The present study tested the sensitivity of Salaria basilisca to water-cadmium (Cd) contamination. For this purpose, liver somatic index (LSI), Cd concentrations and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in the liver of S. basilisca exposed to Cd-contaminated water (2 mg Cd/L as CdCl 2 ) for 14 and 28 d. The results showed that the LSI decreased significantly after 14 and 28 d of Cd-exposure. Cd bioaccumulation in the liver resulted in an increasing uptake up to 42 μg/g dry weight after 28 d of exposure. Activities of CAT and SOD were significantly increased with increasing exposure time. A significant increase in GSH-Px activity, under Cd influence, was observed during 14-day exposure period (p < 0.0001). However, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in this activity with respect to control fish was registered after 28 d of Cd-exposure. These results showed that Cd accumulation in the liver of S. basilisca could induce oxidative stress as demonstrated by changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Results also emphasized that S. basilisca may considered as a sensitive species to Cd exposure.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 2010
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential toxic heavy metal with the potential to induce oxidative stress. Cd toxicity and its capacity for accumulation in aquatic habitats have earned its recognition as a pollutant of immediate and widespread concern. To obtain a better understanding of oxidative stress-associated gene expression in different tissues, six antioxidant genes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase 1a (GPx1a), glutathione peroxidase 1b (GPx1b), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) were cloned and fully sequenced in the river pufferfish, Takifugu obscurus. On tissue specific mRNA expression, the liver showed the highest expression when compared to other tissues, even though each antioxidant gene showed different modes of expression patterns in the examined tissues. Of the various antioxidant genes, GR was the most highly expressed in the liver, followed by CAT, GPx1, and Cu/Zn-SOD. For the time-course experiment, all the antioxidant genes were significantly induced over time except for Cu/Zn-SOD in the liver, and there was a 5-fold induction in hepatic GR, CAT, and Mn-SOD mRNA compared to the control. These findings indicate that the liver of T. obscurus has a robust antioxidant system. In addition, these results suggest that Cd exposure modulates the expression of antioxidant genes, and would indicate that the antioxidant genes would be a relevant biomarker of trace metal pollution such as Cd exposure in T. obscurus.
In the present investigation, the fresh water fish C. carpio and Cadmium were used. Bio assays were conducted to find LC50 96hr value of the metal to the fishes and it was found to be 1.5%. Then groups of fishes were reared in various sublethal concentrations of Cadmium for 30days. The liver from the control and Cadmium –treated fishes was dissected out for the estimation of Superoxide Dimutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Gulutathione-S-Transferrase (GST). In treated fishes, the liver antioxidant enzymes increased under metal toxicity suggesting the initiation of the production of these enzymes to suppress the action of ROS. The liver might have severely affected by Cadmium as it is the site of multiple oxidative reactions.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 1996
Specimens of sea bass (Dicentrarchus k&xx) were exposed to two different cadmium concentrations (0.5 and 5 /.~g Cd'+/ml seawater) for a period of 7 days. Cadmium accumulated in the tissues of D. l&ax in the following order: kidney>liver>gills at both concentrations. Accumulation patterns in fish exposed to 0.5 pg Cd'+ /ml seawater were different with respect to 5.0 pg Cd'+/ml seawater. At both Cd concentrations a similar stress situation occurred during the first 4 hr as noted by the depletion of glycogen stores and the increase in free glucose in the muscle; metallothionein was induced in the liver, but failed to bind all the cytosolic Cd, which was in part bound to high-molecular-weight ligands. Fish recovered from this initial stress situation within 24 hr as indicated by the increase in glycogen and the decrease of glucose. Long-term effects were clearly dependent upon metal concentration: at lower Cd exposure, metallothionein induction increased linearly with time and counteracted the toxic effect of the metal; on the other hand, when fish were exposed to 5.0 pg Cd'+ /ml seawater a clear stress occurred at the end of the exposure, as indicated by the notable decrease of glycogen stores, the increase of free glucose, the decrease of AEC in the muscle and the increase of Cd bound to high-molecular-weight ligands in the liver.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 2013
The present study is aimed to assess the oxidative stress biomarker in kidney and liver of Labeo rohita exposed to the sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium chloride. The fishes were exposed to 33.6, 67.1 and 100.6 mg L-1 concentrations of cadmium chloride up to 96 h duration and the oxidative stress was monitored through the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione and activities of antioxidant enzymes, viz. glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The malondialdehyde content, level of reduced glutathione and activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p \ 0.05) elevated in treated groups with the increasing concentration and exposure duration. Regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between elevated levels of LPO and reduced glutathione (r 2 = 0.999 and 0.991 in liver and kidney, respectively) as well as glutathione and its dependent enzymes (r 2 = 0.999 and 0.996 with GPx and GST, respectively) at 96 h post-exposure in both the tissues of L. rohita. Further, the increased level of reduced glutathione and activity of glutathione dependent enzymes were not effective in reducing the cadmium induced oxidative stress in the fish. These assays may be employed to monitor oxidative stress mediated macro-molecular damage in aquatic organisms due to heavy metal exposure.
The effect of Cadmium on antioxidant enzymes in the liver of fresh water fish Cyprius carpio (Linn
In the present investigation, the fresh water fish C. carpio and Cadmium were used. Bio assays were conducted to find LC50 96hr value of the metal to the fishes and it was found to be 1.5%. Then groups of fishes were reared in various sublethal concentrations of Cadmium for 30days. The liver from the control and Cadmium –treated fishes was dissected out for the estimation of Superoxide Dimutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), and Gulutathione-S-Transferrase (GST). In treated fishes, the liver antioxidant enzymes increased under metal toxicity suggesting the initiation of the production of these enzymes to suppress the action of ROS. The liver might have severely affected by Cadmium as it is the site of multiple oxidative reactions.
Cadmium (Cd) is a non essential heavy metal that enters human and animal bodies via different industrial products, environmental pollution and different contaminated foods. The present study is carried out to investigate Cd induced alterations in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver and kidney of fresh water teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd before and after supplementation with trace elements such as calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) either individually or in combination. The fish were exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of 1/10 th LC50 i.e. 5ppm for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) time intervals. After 15d Cd exposure, the fish were then supplemented with trace elements like Ca (1ppm) and Zn (1ppm) either individually or in combination for again 7, 15 and 30d time intervals. After the specified time intervals, liver and kidney tissues were isolated and used for assay of antioxidant enzym...
2012
Cadmium (Cd) is a non essential heavy metal that enters human and animal bodies via different industrial products, environmental pollution and different contaminated foods. The present study is carried out to investigate Cd induced alterations in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver and kidney of fresh water teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd before and after supplementation with trace elements such as calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) either individually or in combination. The fish were exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl 2) at a dose of 1/10th LC 50 i.e. 5ppm for 7, 15 and 30 days (d) time intervals. After 15d Cd exposure, the fish were then supplemented with trace elements like Ca (1ppm) and Zn (1ppm) either individually or in combination for again 7, 15 and 30d time intervals. After the specified time intervals, liver and kidney tissues were isolated and used for assay of antioxidant enzy...
Is Oxidative Stress Related to Cadmium Accumulation in the Mollusc Crassostrea angulata?
Aquatic Toxicology, 2015
The kinetics of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the gills and digestive gland of Crassotrea angulata at three concentrations of cadmium (0.088 M, 0.44 M and 2.22 M) was monitored for 28 days. The relationship between accumulation and toxicity was studied using metallothionein-like protein (MTLP) concentration and reduced glutathione levels (GSH) as biochemical endpoints. The activity of enzymes which form part of the antioxidant defense system, in particular glutathione reductase (GR), total glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as enzymatic endpoints, was also assessed. A first order kinetic model demonstrated that the accumulation process does not take place linearly, as the Cd concentration in gills and digestive gland tended toward a stationary state. Metallothionein-like protein is clearly induced by Cd accumulation; however, at high Cd concentrations the detoxification mechanism of this protein is affected. High Cd concentrations (2.22 M) lead to a decrease in GSH levels, and also inhibit antioxidant enzyme activities, demonstrating the adverse effect of this metal on the antioxidant balance system.