Bioaccumulation and cellular effects in adult zebrafish under exposure to CuO, Ag and CdS nanoparticles (original) (raw)
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Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2014
Increasing use of nanomaterials is resulting in their release into the environment, making necessary to determine the toxicity of these materials. With this aim, the effects of CuO, ZnO and TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) on zebrafish development were assessed in comparison with the effects caused by the ionic forms (for copper and zinc), bulk counterparts and the stabilizer used for rutile TiO 2 NPs. None of the NPs caused significant embryo mortality. CuO NPs were the most toxic affecting hatching and increasing malformation prevalence (C1 mg Cu/L), followed by ZnO NPs that affected hatching at C5 mg Zn/L and stabilized TiO 2 NPs that caused mortality and decreased hatching at 100 mg Ti/L. Exposure to the stabilizer alone provoked the same effect. Thus, toxicity of the TiO 2 NP suspension can be linked to the surfactant. For all the endpoints, the greatest effects were exerted by the ionic forms, followed by the NPs and finally by the bulk compounds. By autometallography, metal-bearing deposits were observed in embryos exposed to CuO and ZnO NPs, being more abundant in the case of embryos exposed to CuO NPs. The largest and most abundant metalbearing deposits were detected in embryos exposed to ionic copper. In conclusion, metal oxide NPs affected zebrafish development altering hatching and increasing the prevalence of malformations. Thus, the use and release of metal oxide NPs to the environment may pose a risk to aquatic organisms as a result of the toxicity caused by NPs themselves or by the additives used in their production.
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have realistic potential of reaching natural waterbodies and of exerting toxicity to freshwater organisms. The toxicity may be influenced by the composition of natural waters as crucial NP properties are influenced by water constituents. To tackle this issue, a case study was set up in the framework of EU FP7 NanoValid project, performing an interlaboratory hazard evaluation of NPs in natural freshwater. Ag and CuO NPs were selected as model NPs because of their potentially high toxicity in the freshwater. Daphnia magna (OECD202) and Danio rerio embryo (OECD236) assays were used to evaluate NP toxicity in natural water, sampled from Lake Greifen and Lake Lucerne (Switzerland). Dissolution of the NPs was evaluated by ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation and metal specific sensor bacteria. Ag NP size was stable in natural water while CuO NPs agglomerated and settled rapidly. Ag NP suspensions contained a large fraction of Ag þ ions and CuO NP suspensions had low concentration of Cu 2þ ions. Ag NPs were very toxic (48 h EC 50 1e5.5 mg Ag/L) to D. magna as well as to D. rerio embryos (96 h EC 50 8.8e61 mg Ag/L) in both standard media and natural waters with results in good agreement between laboratories. CuO NP toxicity to D. magna differed significantly between the laboratories with 48 h EC 50 0.9e11 mg Cu/L in standard media, 5.7e75 mg Cu/L in Lake Greifen and 5.5e26 mg Cu/L in Lake Lucerne. No toxicity of CuO NP to zebrafish embryos was detected up to 100 mg/L independent of the medium used. The results show that Ag and CuO NP toxicity may be higher in natural water than in the standard media due to differences in composition. NP environmental hazard evaluation can and should be carried out in natural water to obtain more realistic estimates on the toxicity.
Journal of Egyptian Academic Society for Environmental Development. D, Environmental Studies
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are commonly used in many industrial and biomedical applications. Excessive usage of these products may lead to their discharge into aquatic ecosystems causing harmful ecotoxicological hazards. The present study was performed to assess the impact of CuO NPs on mortality, bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, histopathology of the hepatopancreas and DNA damage of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The assessment of such effectsof Cu NPs may be useful for understanding the mechanism of their toxicity and evaluation of the possibility of using nanoparticles-induced alterations in the investigated organism as pollution biomarkers. For these purposes, adult crayfishes were exposed to 25, 125 and 250 mg/l of CuO NPs for 28 days. Percentages of mortalities were 0%, 6.7% and 36.7%, for application of these concentrations respectively. Bioaccumulation analysis revealed that the highest accumulation levels of copper were observed in gills followed by hepatopancreas while the lowest was detected in muscles. Biochemical analysis showed that exposure of P. clarkii to the above concentrations of CuO NPs caused significant increase in the activities of lipid peroxidation (LPO), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Metallothioneins (MTs) in hepatopancreas. On the other hand, levels of glutathione (GSH), total lipids (TL) and total proteins (TP) were significantly decreased. Light microscopical examinations of the hepatopancreas exposed to CuO NPs revealed lumen dilatation, increased yellowish brown granules, vacuolation, nuclear pyknosis and cellular lysis in the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells. At the electron microscopiclevel, vacuolated cytoplasm with densely stained secretory granules, fragmented microvilli of absorptive cells, ruptured RER, and deformed mitochondria were noticed. Comet assay analysis showed that high concentrations of these nanoparticles caused nuclear DNA damage. In conclusion, CuO NPs induced many histopathological and biochemical alterations in P. clarkia which are clear enough to be used as biomarkers for CuO NPs exposure.
Nanotoxicology, 2013
To address the impact of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdSNPs) of two different sizes (8 and 50 nm), Danio rerio zebrafish were dietary exposed to very low doses: 100 or 40 ng CdSNPs/day/g body weight for 36 or 60 days, respectively. The results obtained using RAPD-PCR genotoxicity test showed genomic alteration since the number of hybridisation sites of the RAPD probes was significantly modified after CdSNPs exposure. In addition, selected stress response genes were either repressed or upregulated in tissues of CdSNPs-exposed fish. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also caused by the presence of CdSNPs in food. Cadmium accumulation in fish tissues (brain and muscles) could only be observed after 60 days of exposure. CdSNPs toxicity was dependent on their size and concentration.
Evaluation of Toxicity Induced by Engineered CuO Nanoparticles in Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita
Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
With the fast development of industries relevant to nanotechnology, the inappropriate disposal of nanoproducts may initiate a new source of pollution in aquatic ecosystems, thus posing a possible danger to aquatic life. This study evaluated the eco-toxicological effects of waterborne copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) having a 32.84nm size and rod shape on a freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. 96-h LC50 of CuO-NPs was 353.98mg/L. Two sub-lethal concentrations equivalent to 1/3rd and 1/5th LC50/96h (70.79 and 117.99 mg/L) of CuO-NPs were selected for 15, 30, and 45-day exposure tests. Bioaccumulation for the 1/3rd 96h LC50 was significantly higher compared to 1/5th of 96-h LC50 of CuO-NPs. There was a sharp decrease in the CAT activity and this decline ultimately increased the TBARS contents. The highest percentage of damaged nuclei and genetic damage index in fish erythrocytes was recorded at the highest concentration and after 45 days of treatment. The adverse effects of CuO-NPs were ...
Metallomics, 2013
Recent advances in the ability to manufacture and manipulate materials at the nanometer scale have led to increased production and use of many types of nanoparticles. Quantum dots (QDs) are small, fluorescent nanoparticles composed of a core of semiconductor material (e.g. cadmium selenide, zinc sulfide) and shells or dopants of other elements. Particle core composition, size, shell, and surface chemistry have all been found to influence toxicity in cells. The aim of this study was to compare the toxicities of ionic cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) and Cd-and Zn-containing QDs in zebrafish liver cells (ZFL). As expected, Cd 2+ was more toxic than Zn 2+ , and the general trend of IC 50 -24 h values of QDs was determined to be CdTe o CdSe/ZnS or InP/ZnS, suggesting that ZnS-shelled CdSe/ZnS QDs were more cytocompatible than bare core CdTe crystals. Smaller QDs showed greater toxicity than larger QDs. Isolated mRNA from these exposures was used to measure the expression of metal response genes including metallothionein (MT), metal response element-binding transcription factor (MTF-1), divalent metal transporter (DMT-1), zrt and irt like protein (ZIP-1) and the zinc transporter, ZnT-1. CdTe exposure induced expression of these genes in a dose dependent manner similar to that of CdSO 4 exposure.
Insights into the CuO nanoparticle ecotoxicity with suitable marine model species
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018
Metal oxide nanoparticles, among them copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), are widely used in different applications (e.g. batteries, gas sensors, superconductors, plastics and metallic coatings), increasing their potential release in the environment. In aquatic matrix, the behavior of CuO NPs may strongly change, depending on their surface charge and some physical-chemical characteristics of the medium (e.g. ionic strength, salinity, pH and natural organic matter content). Ecotoxicity of CuO NPs to aquatic organisms was mainly studied on freshwater species, few tests being performed on marine biota. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of CuO NPs on suitable indicator species, belonging to the ecologically relevant level of consumers. The selected bioassays use reference protocols to identify Effect/Lethal Concentrations (E(L)C), by assessing lethal and sub-lethal endpoints. Mortality tests were performed on rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis), shrimp (Artemia franciscana) and copepod (Tigriopus fulvus). While moult release failure and fertilization rate were studied, as sub-lethal endpoints, on T. fulvus and sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), respectively. The size distribution and sedimentation rates of CuO NPs, together with the copper dissolution, were also analyzed in the exposure media. The CuO NP ecotoxicity assessment showed a concentration-dependent response for all species, indicating similar mortality for B. plicatilis (48hLC 50 = 16.94 ± 2.68 mg/l) and T. fulvus (96hLC 50 = 12.35 ± 0.48 mg/l), followed by A. franciscana (48hLC 50 = 64.55 ± 3.54 mg/l). Comparable EC 50 values were also obtained for the sub-lethal endpoints in P. lividus (EC 50 = 2.28 ± 0.06 mg/l) and T. fulvus (EC 50 = 2.38 ± 0.20 mg/l). Copper salts showed higher toxicity than CuO NPs for all species, with common sensitivity trend as follows: P. lividus ≥ T. fulvus (sublethal endpoint) ≥ B. plicatilis > T. fulvus (lethal endpoint) > A. franciscana. CuO NP micrometric aggregates and high sedimentation rates were observed in the exposure media, with different particle size distributions depending on the medium. The copper dissolution was about 0.16% of the initial concentration, comparable to literature values. The integrated ecotoxicological-physicochemical approach was used to better describe CuO NP toxicity and behavior. In particular, the successful application of ecotoxicological reference protocols allowed to produce reliable L(E)C data useful to identify thresholds and assess potential environmental hazard due to NPs.
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2015
Nano-copper oxides are a versatile inorganic material. As a result of their versatility, the immense applications and usage end up in the environment causing a concern for the lifespan of various beings. The ambiguities surround globally on the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs). Hence, the present study endeavored to study the sub-lethal acute exposure effects on the developing zebrafish embryos. The 48 hpf LC50 value was about 64 ppm. Therefore, we have chosen the sub-lethal dose of 40 and 60 ppm for the study. Accumulation of CuO-NPs was evidenced from the SEM-EDS and AAS analyzes. The alterations in the AChE and Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase activities disrupted the development process. An increment in the levels of oxidants with a concomitant decrease in the antioxidant enzymes confirmed the induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggered apoptosis in the exposed embryos. Developmental anomalies were observed with CuO-NPs exposure in addition to oxidative str...
Environmental Toxicology, 2014
Dietary and waterborne exposure to copper oxide (CuO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) was conducted using a simplified model of an aquatic food chain consisting of zooplankton (Artemia salina) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) to determine bioaccumulation, toxic effects, and particle transport through trophic levels. Artemia contaminated with NPs were used as food in dietary exposure. Fish were exposed to suspensions of the NPs in waterborne exposure. ICP-MS analysis showed that accumulation primarily occurred in the intestine, followed by the gills and liver. Dietary uptake was lower, but was found to be a potential pathway for transport of NPs to higher organisms. Waterborne exposure resulted in about a 10-fold higher accumulation in the intestine. The heart, brain, and muscle tissue had no significant Cu or Zn. However, concentrations in muscle increased with NP concentration, which was ascribed to bioaccumulation of Cu and Zn released from NPs. Free Cu concentration in the medium was always higher than that of Zn, indicating CuO NPs dissolved more readily. ZnO NPs were relatively benign, even in waterborne exposure (p 0.05). In contrast, CuO NPs were toxic. Malondialdehyde levels in the liver and gills increased substantially (p < 0.05). Despite lower Cu accumulation, the liver exhibited significant oxidative stress, which could be from chronic exposure to Cu ions.