Effect of linseed oil and macadamia oil on metabolic changes induced by high-fat diet in mice (original) (raw)
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Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid at high-fat levels on triacylglycerol regulation in mice
Nutrition, 2009
Objective: Our aim was to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) at high-fat (HF) levels on parameters related to triacylglycerol (TG) regulation and some potential impacts on liver damage. Methods: Growing mice were fed a control diet (7% corn oil), an HF diet containing 20% corn oil, or an HF diet containing 3% CLA (HF ϩ CLA) for 30 d. Tissue and organ weights, plasma and tissue TG levels, and parameters related to their regulation were evaluated. Liver oxidative status was also assessed. Results: Dietary CLA showed detrimental and beneficial effects. CLA added to the HF diet caused hepatomegaly (ϩ32%) and exacerbated the hepatic TG accumulation (ϩ168%) observed with the HF diet without inducing liver damage; however, it significantly reduced plasma TG concentrations (Ϫ37%) and normalized muscular TG content. An increase in glutathione was associated with total normalization of liver lipid peroxidation. In addition, HF ϩ CLA caused dystrophy of epididymal fat pads, even when the HF diet had increased the adipose tissue mass (30%). The biochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid levels were related to reduced (Ϫ20%) hepatic very low-density lipoprotein-TG secretion and decreased muscle (Ϫ35%) and adipose (Ϫ49%) tissue contributions to the removal of plasma TG by lipoprotein lipase enzymes. Conclusion: Examination of CLA at HF levels showed hepatomegaly and exacerbation of lipid accretion as a negative impact; however, some positive aspects such as hypotriglyceridemia and protection against oxidative stress were also induced. Even the fat reduction is nutritionally important for weight control; the biochemical mechanisms whereby CLA mediates the potential effects could produce undesirable metabolic alterations.
Protective Effect of Linseed Oil on Hyperlipidemia in Experimental Animals
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Linseed oil (LO) rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA, C 18 : 3 n-3), on lipid profile and some growth parameters in rats fed high saturated fat diet (HSF). Thirty two rats were divided into 4 groups control, HSF, HSF + LO and LO. Methods: Measured parameters were nutritional (liver and body wt), biochemical in serum (T. chol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG, total lipids) and liver (total lipids, total and free cholesterol, TAG, phospholipids) and histolological sections of hepatic tissues. Result showed that LO supplementation significantly prevent the marked increase body and liver weight gain, hepatic lipids as well as it caused limitation of the negative effect on lipoprotein parameters caused by HSF supplementation. Histological examinations of rats' livers revealed hepatic protection against fatty liver by LO ingestion. No adverse effect of LO on growth parameters and plasma lipids was noticed in rats fed with normal diet. These data suggest that LO participate in the normal regulation of plasma lipid and cholesterol levels in liver, demonstrating that LO may be developed as useful popular and commercial oil for protection against hyperlipidemia.
Nutrición hospitalaria, 2014
Evidences suggest that commercial and natural conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) differentially affect nutritional status and lipid metabolism. To investigate the differential effect of two types of CLA preparations supplemented to dietary fats containing different proportions of n-9, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) on body composition, triacylglycerol (TG) levels and lipid metabolism in mice. Growing mice were fed diets containing olive, maize and rapeseed oils supplemented with an equimolecular mixture of CLA (mix-CLA) or a rumenic acid (RA)-rich oil for 30 days. Body weight gain, carcass composition, tissue weights, plasma and tissue TG levels, and lipid regulation parameters were evaluated. Independently of the dietary fats, mix-CLA decreased body weight gain and fat depots related to lower energy efficiency, hepatomegaly, increase of serum TG and decrease of muscle TG. Rapeseed oil prevented the hepatic steatosis observed with mix-CLA supplementation to olive and maize oils by increa...
Dietary Oxidized Linoleic Acids Modulate Fatty Acids in Mice
Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis
Objective: An elevated concentration of oxidized lipids along with the abnormal accumulation of lipids has been linked to the formation of atheromatous plaque and the development of cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate if consumption of different concentrations of dietary oxidized linoleic acid alters the distribution of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) within the liver relative to plasma in mice. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice (n = 40) were divided into 4 groups: Standard chow as plain control (P group, n =10), Chow supplemented with linoleic acid 9 mg/mouse/day, linoleic control (C group, n=0), oxidized linoleic acid; 9 mg/mouse/day (A group, n=10) and oxidized linoleic acid 18 mg/mouse/day diet (B group, n=10). Liver and plasma samples were extracted, trans-esterified and subsequently analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for LCFAs; palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Results: LCFA methyl esters were eluted and identified based on their respective physiochemical characteristics of GCMS assay with inter assay coefficient of variation percentage (CV%, 1.81-5.28%), limits of quantification and limit of detection values (2.021-11.402 mg/mL and 1.016-4.430 mg/mL) respectively. Correlation analysis of liver and plasma lipids of the mice groups yielded coefficients (r=0.96, 0.6, 0.8 and 0.33) with fatty acid percentage total of (16%, 10%, 16% and 58%) for the P, C, A and B groups respectively. Conclusion: The sustained consumption of a diet rich in oxidized linoleic acid disrupted fatty acid metabolism. The intake also resulted in elevated concentration of LCFAs that are precursors of bioactive metabolite molecule.
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2013
We investigated the changes in adiposity, cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and tissue fatty acid compositions in response to oleic acid-rich macadamia oil, linoleic acid-rich safflower oil and α-linolenic acid-rich flaxseed oil (C18 unsaturated fatty acids) in rats fed either a diet high in simple sugars and mainly saturated fats or a diet high in polysaccharides (cornstarch) and low in fat. The fatty acids induced lipid redistribution away from the abdomen, more pronounced with increasing unsaturation; only oleic acid increased whole-body adiposity. Oleic acid decreased plasma total cholesterol without changing triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids, whereas linoleic and α-linolenic acids decreased plasma triglycerides and nonesterified fatty acids but not cholesterol. α-Linolenic acid improved left ventricular structure and function, diastolic stiffness and systolic blood pressure. Neither oleic nor linoleic acid changed the left ventricular remodeling induced by high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, but both induced dilation of the left ventricle and functional deterioration in low fat-diet-fed rats. α-Linolenic acid improved glucose tolerance, while oleic and linoleic acids increased basal plasma glucose concentrations. Oleic and α-linolenic acids, but not linoleic acid, normalized systolic blood pressure. Only oleic acid reduced plasma markers of liver damage. The C18 unsaturated fatty acids reduced trans fatty acids in the heart, liver and skeletal muscle with lowered stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 activity index; linoleic and α-linolenic acids increased accumulation of their C22 elongated products. These results demonstrate different physiological and biochemical responses to primary C18 unsaturated fatty acids in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome.
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2011
The objective of this study was to evaluate the incorporation of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) on male Swiss mice livers receiving diets based on linseed oil (LO) for up to 56 days. The mice were sacrificed at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56 days and FA concentration was analyzed by gas chromatography. A total of 13 FA were identified on LO feeds presenting alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) contents of 26.97 %. A total 22 FA were identified in the livers of the mice.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) strongly prevents fat accumulation in adipose tissue of mice, even if hepatic fat deposition and insulin resistance are concomitantly observed. This study investigated the possibility of maintaining the antiadiposity properties of CLA while preventing adverse effects such as liver steatosis and hyperinsulinemia. To this end, mice were divided into three groups and fed a standard diet (control) or a diet supplemented with 1% CLA (CLA) or a mixture of 1% CLA plus 7.5% pine nut oil (CLA + P). The combination of CLA + P preserved the CLA-mediated antiadiposity properties (70% fat reduction), preventing hepatic steatosis and a sharp increase in plasmatic insulin starting from the eighth week of CLA treatment. The assay of both fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the CLA + P mice revealed a time-dependent biphasic behavior of the corresponding enzymatic activities. A sudden change in these metabolic events was indeed found at the eighth week. A strong correlation between the changes in key enzymes of lipid metabolism and in insulin levels apparently exists in CLA-fed mice. Furthermore, lower levels of lipids, in comparison to values found in CLA-fed mice, were observed in the liver and plasma of CLA + P-fed animals.
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2012
Groundnut oil (GNO) was modified to contain equal proportions of omega-6/ omega-3 fatty acids by blending with linseed oil. Blended oil (BLE) was subjected to interesterification reaction using immobilized lipase to prepare transesterified oil (TRA). A structured lipid (STR) was also prepared by acidolysis reaction using GNO and omega-3 fatty acid concentrates from linseed oil. These oils were then fed to rats for a period of 60 days. A reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol level by 26 and 23% and a reduction in serum triglyceride concentration by 18.9 and 17.6% were observed in rats given TRA and STR, respectively, as compared with rats fed with GNO. Rats fed with BLE and interesterified oils showed incorporation of a-linolenic acid and an increase in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in serum and liver lipids. These modified oils could be used for enriching Indian diets with omega-3 fatty acids. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS There is a realization that dietary fat should contain balanced amount of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. The oils used in Indian cooking generally contains high amount of omega-6 but not omega-3 fatty acids. The present investigation was undertaken to develop oil that can provide equal amounts of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids by the blending process. The fatty acids in blended oils were randomized through lipase catalyzed acidolysis and transesterification reaction. These modified oils significantly reduced the serum and liver lipids when fed to rats. The modified oils also showed altered physical properties. This study therefore showed that it is possible to restructure the edible oils through biotechnological approaches to get the desired fatty acid composition needed for better nutrition and required physical properties in oils. saturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are integral part of membranes. They are essential dietary components for mammalian species (Harnack et al. 2009). Dietary LA downregulates low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) production and enhances its clearance from circulation. Omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, are potent antiarrhythmic agents; they improve vascular endothelial system and lower blood pressure, platelet sensitivity and serum triglyceride level. The distinct functions of these PUFAs underscores the need for having balanced amounts of both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty bs_bs_banner
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 2016
Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) is an essential fatty acid and the metabolic precursor of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from the n-3 family with relevant physiological and metabolic roles: eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA). Western diet lacks of suitable intake of n-3 LCPUFA and there are recommendations to increase the dietary supply of such nutrients. Seed oils rich in ALA such as those from rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa), sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubis) and chia (Salvia hispanica) may constitute an alternative that merits research. This study evaluated hepatic and epididymal accretion and biosynthesis of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase enzymes, the expression and DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α and SREBP-1c, oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in rats fed sunflower oil (SFO, 1% ALA) as control group, canola oil (CO, 10% ALA), rosa mosqueta oil (RMO, 33% ALA), sacha inchi oil (SIO, 49% ALA) and chia oil (ChO, 64% ALA) as single lipid source. A larger supply of ALA increased the accretion of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of desaturases, the antioxidative status, the expression and DNA-binding of PPAR-α, the oxidation of fatty acids and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, whereas the expression and DNA-binding activity of SREBP-1c transcription factor and the biosynthetic activity of fatty acids declined. Results showed that oils rich in ALA such as SIO and ChO may trigger metabolic responses in rats such as those produced by n-3 PUFA. & 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. by two highly controlled desaturase enzymes, Δ-5 desaturase and Δ-6 desaturase [7]. The activity and the expression of these enzymes are controlled by hormones (insulin and estrogens), the intracellular redox status and the activity of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) transcription factor [6,8]. The synthesis of n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA occurs mainly in the liver, and to a lesser extent in other tissues such as the brain, testicles and mammary gland [9]. It is relevant that after the increase of tissue levels of AA, EPA and DHA produced by the dietary supply of Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Nutrición hospitalaria, 2014
There is no consensus about the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid metabolism, especially in animals fed a high-fat diet. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the incorporation of CLA isomers into serum, liver and adipose tissue, as well as the oxidative stress generated in rats refed with high-fat diets after a 48 hour fast. Rats were refed with diets containing soybean oil, rich in linoleic acid [7% (Control Group - C) or 20% (LA Group)], CLA [CLA Group - 20% CLA mixture (39.32 mole% c9,t11-CLA and 40.59 mole% t10,c12- CLA)], soybean oil + CLA (LA+CLA Group - 15.4% soybean oil and 4.6% CLA) or animal fat (AF, 20% lard). The CLA group showed lower weight gain and liver weight after refeeding, as well as increased serum cholesterol. The high dietary fat intake induced fat accumulation and an increase in -tocopherol in the liver, which were not observed in the CLA group. Circulating -tocopherol was increased in the CLA and CLA+LA groups. The...