Co-circulation of Clade C New World Arenaviruses: New geographic distribution and host species (original) (raw)

Genetic diversity between and within the arenavirus species indigenous to western Venezuela

Virology, 2008

The results of analyses of Z, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, glycoprotein precursor, and nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data suggested that Guanarito virus was the most common cause of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever in a 7-year period in the 1990's and that the evolution of Pirital virus in association with Sigmodon alstoni (Alston's cotton rat) has occurred at a significantly higher rate than the evolution of Guanarito virus in association with Zygodontomys brevicauda (short-tailed cane mouse) on the plains of western Venezuela. The results of analyses of the primary structures of the glycoproteins of the 8 strains of Guanarito virus isolated from humans suggested that these strains would be highly cross-reactive in neutralization assays. Thus, passive antibody therapy may prove beneficial in the treatment of human disease caused by strains of Guanarito virus that are enzootic in the region in which Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever is endemic.

Presence of Arenavirus in Mus musculus, Chiapas, Mexico

THERYA

An outbreak of a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever, caused by an Arenavirus whose reservoir was Peromyscus mexicanus, occurred in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, in June 1967. In order to determine whether any Arenavirus is nowadays present in the same region of the state of Chiapas (municipalities of Ocozocoautla de Espinosa and Berriozábal), we surveyed rodents as potential Arenavirus reservoirs. Three species of rodents, Mus musculus, Peromyscus mexicanus, and Rattus rattus, previously identified as Arenavirus reservoirs, were registered in the study area. We detected the presence of Arenavirus RNA in one Mus musculus individual captured in an urban area. It is necessary to continue monitoring wildlife and carry out serological and molecular analyzes to investigate the incidence and future prevalence of Arenavirus in the area and propose specific actions for its control. En junio de 1967, en el estado de Chiapas, ocurrió un brote de fiebre hemorrágica altamente letal, el cual se le atribuyó a un Arenavirus cuyo reservorio fue Peromyscus mexicanus. Para determinar hoy en día la posible existencia de Arenavirus en la misma región del estado de Chiapas (municipios de Ocozocoautla de Espinosa y Berriozábal), se evaluó a los roedores presentes en el área como posibles reservorios de Arenavirus. Tres especies de roedores que han sido identificados como reservorios de Arenavirus, Mus musculus, Peromyscus mexicanus y Rattus rattus se registraron en el área de estudio. Se detectó la presencia de Arenavirus RNA en un individuo de M. musculus capturado en un área urbana. Es necesario continuar monitoreando la fauna silvestre y realizar análisis serológicos y moleculares para investigar la incidencia y la prevalencia futura de Arenavirus en el área, así como proponer acciones específicas para su control.

Arenavirus phylogeny: a new insight

Virus genes, 1998

Arenaviridae is a worldwide distributed family, of enveloped, single stranded, RNA viruses. The arenaviruses were divided in two major groups (Old World and New World), based on serological properties and genetic data, as well as the geographic distribution. In this study the phylogenetic relationship among the members of the Arenaviridae was examined, using the reported genomic sequences. The comparison of the aligned nucleotide sequences of the S RNA and the predicted amino acid sequences of the GPC and N proteins, together with the phylogenetic analysis, strongly suggest a possible kinship of Pichindé and Oliveros viruses, with the Old World arenavirus group. This analysis points at the evolutive relationships between the arenaviruses of the Americas and can be used to evaluate the different hypotheses about their origin.

Guanarito Virus ( Arenaviridae) Isolates from Endemic and Outlying Localities in Venezuela: Sequence Comparisons among and within Strains Isolated from Venezuelan Hemorrhagic Fever Patients and Rodents

Virology, 2000

Despite intensive surveillance, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF), caused by Guanarito (GTO) virus, has been detected in only a small region of western Venezuela. To determine whether VHF is associated with a particular regional GTO virus strain(s), 29 isolates from rodents and humans throughout the surrounding regions were analyzed by partial sequencing of the nucleocapsid protein gene. Phylogenetic trees delineated nine distinct GTO genotypes that differ by 4-17% in nucleotides and up to 9% in amino acid sequences; most appeared to be restricted to discrete geographic regions, although a few genotypes were isolated in several locations. Each genotype included at least one strain recovered from a rodent, but only two genotypes were isolated from VHF cases. The presence outside of the endemic/epidemic region of two genotypes isolated also from VHF cases suggests that human pathogenic viruses occur outside of the endemic zone, but do not frequently infect people and/or cause apparent disease there. VHF does not appear to be associated with a GTO virus genotype that is restricted to a certain rodent species. When quasispecies diversity was examined, rodent isolates had higher sequence variation than human isolates. One rodent isolate included a mixture of two phylogenetically distinct genotypes, suggesting a dual infection.

NATURAL RODENT HOST ASSOCIATIONS OF GUANARITO AND PIRITAL VIRUSES (FAMILY ARENAVIRIDAE) IN CENTRAL VENEZUELA

1999

The objective of this study was to elucidate the natural rodent host relationships of Guanarito and Pirital viruses (family Arenaviridae) in the plains of central Venezuela. Ninety-two arenavirus isolates from 607 animals, representing 10 different rodent species, were characterized to the level of serotype. The 92 isolates comprised 19 Guanarito virus strains and 73 Pirital virus strains. The 19 Guanarito virus isolates were from Zygodontomys brevicauda; 72 (98.6%) of the 73 Pirital virus isolates were from Sigmodon alstoni. These results indicate that the natural rodent associations of these 2 sympatric arenaviruses are highly specific and that Z. brevicauda and S. alstoni are the principal rodent hosts of Guanarito and Pirital viruses, respectively.

Search for Hantavirus and Arenavirus in rodents from Villavicencio, Colombia

Revista MVZ Córdoba, 2022

Objective. To search Hantavirus and Arenavirus in small rodents and establish their spatial distribution in disturbed ecosystems in the municipality of Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia. Materials and method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2018 to October 2019 in periurban and rural areas of the municipality of Villavicencio. Rodents were captured using Sherman-type traps and molecular detection of Hantavirus and Arenavirus was carried out by Polymerase chain Reaction technique. Results. A total of 50 rodents were captured belonged to 3 families and six species, the Muridae (76%) with the highest number of captured individuals, Cricetidae (22%) and Echimydae (2%). All samples were negative for the molecular markers of Hantavirus and Arenavirus. Conclusions. The study of mammalian hosts, particularly small rodents contribute to monitor diseases transmitted by these small mammals that act as reservoirs.

Molecular phylogeny of Guanarito virus, an emerging arenavirus affecting humans

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

Afistrrict. The nucleotide sequence of a portion of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of the Guanarito virus prototype strain (INH-95551) has been determined. It was obtained by direct RNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment sequencing of the 3' end of the small (S) RNA fragment. A comparison of this 782-nucleotide segment was done with the known homologous gene sequences of five other arenaviruses: Junin, Machupo, Tacaribe, Pichinde, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM). Phylogenetic analysis of the N gene open reading frame showed that Guanarito virus is genetically distinct from other members of the Arenavirus family, with 32% nucleotide sequence divergence from Junin, 30% from Machupo, 32% from Tacaribe, 41% from Pichinde, and 45% from LCM. Com-' parison of amino acids encoded by this sequence region indicated a probable antigenic domain (amino acids 55-63) shared among all arenaviruses studied to date. Along with its host restriction and focal distribution, our data support the hypothesis that this virus has been evolving independently in its endemic focus, for some time.

Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Arenaviruses in Rodents, United Kingdom

Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008

During a study to extend our knowledge of the host range and genetic diversity of arenaviruses in Great Britain, 66 of 1,147 rodent blood samples tested for antibody, and 127 of 482 tested by PCR, were found positive. All sequences most closely resembled those of previously identifi ed lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

Ecology, Genetic Diversity, and Phylogeographic Structure of Andes Virus in Humans and Rodents in Chile

Journal of Virology, 2009

in southern South America. In Chile, serologically confirmed human hantavirus infections have occurred throughout a wide latitudinal distribution extending from the regions of Valparaíso (32 to 33°S) to Aysén (46°S) in southern Patagonia. In this study, we found seropositive rodents further north in the Coquimbo region (30°S) in Chile. Rodent seroprevalence was 1.4%, with Oligoryzomys longicaudatus displaying the highest seroprevalence (5.9%), followed by Abrothrix longipilis (1.9%) and other species exhibiting <0.6% seropositivity.