Arrays of nanoelectromechanical biosensors functionalized by microcontact printing (original) (raw)
Related papers
Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2012
In this paper, we present a back-end method for biofunctionalizing a large-scale array of nanocantilevers. Our method relies on the use of a modified microcontact printing process where molecules are delivered onto the fragile structures from the grooves of the stamp while its base sits on the chip, thus providing mechanical stability. We have used this method to print antibodies onto fabricated chips containing up to 10 5 nanostructures/cm 2 and the presence of antibodies was validated by fluorescent microscopy. Furthermore, measurement of the nanocantilever resonant frequency shifts provoked by a mean added mass of ∼140 fg/cantilever demonstrated that the cantilevers retained their mechanical integrity. Hence, the method presented here aims at providing an answer to the biofunctionalization of freestanding nanostructures for their use as biosensors.
Nanoelectrode Arrays Fabricated by Thermal Nanoimprint Lithography for Biosensing Application
Biosensors, 2020
Electrochemical sensors are devices capable of detecting molecules and biomolecules in solutions and determining the concentration through direct electrical measurements. These systems can be miniaturized to a size less than 1 µm through the creation of small-size arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEA), offering advantages in terms of increased sensitivity and compactness. In this work, we present the fabrication of an electrochemical platform based on an array of nanoelectrodes (NEA) and its possible use for the detection of antigens of interest. NEAs were fabricated by forming arrays of nanoholes on a thin film of polycarbonate (PC) deposited on boron-doped diamond (BDD) macroelectrodes by thermal nanoimprint lithography (TNIL), which demonstrated to be a highly reliable and reproducible process. As proof of principle, gliadin protein fragments were physisorbed on the polycarbonate surface of NEAs and detected by immuno-indirect assay using a secondary antibody labelled with horseradish p...
Enhanced microcontact printing of proteins on nanoporous silica surface
Nanotechnology, 2010
We demonstrate porous silica surface modification, combined with microcontact printing, as an effective method for enhanced protein patterning and adsorption on arbitrary surfaces. Compared to conventional chemical treatments, this approach offers scalability and long-term device stability without requiring complex chemical activation. Two chemical surface treatments using functionalization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA) were compared with the nanoporous silica surface on the basis of protein adsorption. The deposited thickness and uniformity of the porous silica films were evaluated for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled rabbit immunoglobulin G (R-IgG) protein printed onto the substrates via patterned polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) stamps. A more complete transfer of proteins was observed on porous silica substrates compared to chemically functionalized substrates. A comparison of different pore sizes (2-6 nm), and porous silica thicknesses (30-200 nm) indicates that porous silica with 4 nm diameter, 57% porosity and a thickness of 96 nm provided a suitable environment for complete transfer of R-IgG proteins. Both fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for protein layers characterizations. A porous silica layer is biocompatible, providing a favorable transfer medium with minimal damage to the proteins. A patterned immunoassay microchip was developed to demonstrate the retained protein function after printing on nanoporous surfaces, which enables printable and robust immunoassay detection for point-of-care applications.
Printed Ultrastable Bioplasmonic Microarrays for Point-of-Need Biosensing
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022
Paper-based point-of-need (PON) biosensors are attractive for various applications, including food safety, agriculture, disease diagnosis, and drug screening, owing to their low cost and ease of use. However, existing paper-based biosensors mainly rely on biolabels, colorimetric reagents, and biorecognition elements and exhibit limited stability under harsh environments. Here, we report a label-free paper-based biosensor comprised of bioplasmonic microarrays for sensitive detection and quantification of protein targets in small volumes of biofluids. Bioplasmonic microarrays were printed using an ultrastable bioplasmonic ink, rendering the PON sensors excellent thermal, chemical, and biological stability for their reliable performance in resource-limited settings. We fabricated silicone hydrophobic barriers and bioplasmonic microarrays with direct writing and droplet jetting approaches on a three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous paper. Direct writing hydrophobic barriers can define hydrophilic channels less than 100 μm wide. High-resolution patterning of hydrophilic test domains enables the handling and analysis of small fluid volumes. We show that the plasmonic sensors based on a vertical flow assay provide similar sensitivity and low limit of detection with 60 μL sample volume compared to those with 500 μL samples based on an immersion approach and shortened assay time from 90 to 20 minutes.
Integrated Printed Microfluidic Biosensors
Trends in Biotechnology
Integrated printed microfluidic biosensors are one of the most recent point-of-care sensor developments. Fast turnaround time for production and ease of customization, enabled by the integration of recognition elements and transducers, are key for onsite biosensing for both healthcare and industry and for speeding up translation to reallife applications. This review gives an overview of recent progress in printed microfluidics, from the two-dimensional to the four-dimensional level, accompanied by novel sensing element integration. The latest trends in integrated printed microfluidics for healthcare, especially point-of-care diagnostics, and food safety applications are also explored.
New micro-and nano-technologies for biosensor development
2009
Recent advances in micro-and nanotechnology have produced a number of new materials which exhibit exceptional potential for the design of novel sensing strategies and to enhance the analytical performance of biosensing systems. from the consideration that most biological systems and molecular interactions belong to the nanometre scale. Moreover, nanomaterials possess a technologically important combination of properties, such as high surface area, good electrical properties, chemical stability and ease of miniaturisation, which make them very promising for the realisation of nanoscale bio-electronic devices. Chapter 1 Recent advances in nanotechnology have lead to the creation of a number of interesting nanoscale materials. Considering that most biological systems, including viruses, membranes and protein complexes are naturally nanostructured materials, and that molecular interactions take place on a nanometre scale, nanomaterials are intuitive candidates for integration into biomedical and bioanalytical devices . Moreover they can pave the way for the miniaturisation of sensors and devices with nanometre dimension (nanosensors
Multi-functional silica microdot arrays by inkjet printing for biosensor applications
Silica-based microarrays for molecular recognition are realized using a piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printer. In an evaporation induced self-assembly route, a silica sol containing (3-azidopropyl)triethoxysilane is used as ink to print azido-functionalized mesoporous silica microdots arrays clickable with various alkyno-peptides, in accordance with the Huisgen 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition commonly called "click reaction". In a similar route, a second ink is formulated integrating an alkyne silylated precursor. By using a multi-printhead system, a bi-material of intercrossed azido and alkyno-functionalized network can be built. The successive reactions with clickable peptides lead to the array multi-functionalization. The success of the click chemistry, EISA and inkjet printing combination highly depends on the ink formulation, which is adjusted in regards to the viscosity and surface tension in the appropriate range for inkjet printing.
Multicolor microcontact printing of proteins on nanoporous surface for patterned immunoassay
2011
The large scale patterning of therapeutic proteins is a key to the efficient design, characterization, and production of biologics for cost effective, high throughput, and point-of-care detection and analysis system. We demonstrate an efficient method for protein deposition and adsorption on nanoporous silica substrates in specific patterns using a method called “micro-contact printing”. Multiple color-tagged proteins can be printed through sequential application of such micro-patterning technique. Two groups of experiments were performed. In the first group, the protein stamp was aligned precisely with the printing sites, where the stamp was applied multiple times. Optimal conditions were identified for protein transfer and adsorption using the pore size of 4 nm and thickness of 30 nm porous silica thin film. In the second group, we demonstrate the patterning of two-color rabbit immunoglobin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and tetramethyl rhodamine iso-thiocyanate on porous silica substrates that have a pore size 4 nm, porosity 57% and thickness of the porous layer 30 nm. A pair of protein stamps, with corresponding alignment markings and coupled patterns, were aligned and used to produce a two-colored stamp pattern of proteins on porous silica. Different colored proteins can be applied to exemplify the diverse protein composition within a sample. This method of multicolor microcontact printing can be used to perform a fluorescence-based patterned enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of various proteins within a sample.
Micro- and Nanotechnology in Biosensor Research
Chimia International Journal For Chemistry, 1999
Biosensor research is strongly interdisciplinary as it requires experience in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, material science, electronics and engineering. The recent progress in micro-and nanotechnology allows to miniaturize complex systems as well as to address problems at a molecular level. The architecture and even the function of single molecules on a sensor surface have been investigated and can to some extent even be predetermined. At present, microtechnology is well established in the production of micro-fluid transport systems and has a high potential for cell-culturing and monitoring devices in the future. Three different running projects are presented which illustrate the usefulness of micro-and nanotechnology for biosensor research: 1)Investigations on amperometric immunosensor devices, 2) the measurement of binding forces of individual antigen-antibody pairs, and 3) the fabrication of microchannels suitable for neuron-cell growth and recording. Big efforts, however, will be required to integrate the recognition element of a sensor into a device for an intended application
An Electrochemically Controlled Microcantilever Biosensor
Langmuir, 2013
An oligonucleotide-based electrochemically controlled gold-coated microcantilever biosensor that can transduce specific biomolecular interactions is reported. The derivatized microcantilever exhibits characteristic surface stress time course patterns in response to an externally applied periodic square wave potential. Experiments demonstrate that control of the surface charge density with an electrode potential is essential to producing a sensor that exhibits large, reproducible surface stress changes. The time course of surface stress changes are proposed to be linked to an electrochemically mediated competition between the adsorption of solution-based ions and the single-or double-stranded oligonucleotides tethered to the gold surface. A similar potential-actuated change in surface stress also results from the interaction between an oligonucleotide aptamer and its cognate ligand, demonstrating the broad applicability of this methodology.