On the Relationship Between the Practice of Mindfulness Meditation and Personality—an Exploratory Analysis of the Mediating Role of Mindfulness Skills (original) (raw)
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Personality correlates of mindfulness: A study in an Indian setting
Background: Mindfulness has received consistent attention from researchers in the last few decades due to its positive effects on physical and mental health, psychological well‑being, as well as several therapeutic outcomes. In an attempt to discern its dispositional source, researchers have also looked at its relation with personality traits. Aims: The current study aims to carry the above effort ahead by looking at the relation of mindfulness to the big‑five personality traits in the Indian context in an exploratory way to give some amount of cross-cultural validity to established relations in the Western context. Methods: The current study adopted the method of correlational research to fulfill the above aim. Results: Results of the current investigation on 60 plus Yoga students supported earlier meta‑analysis by revealing highly significant moderate correlations, negative of -0.45 with neuroticism and positive of 0.49 with conscientiousness after controlling for demographics. Mindfulness also showed a positive relation to extraversion (r = 0.29), to a lesser extent though. The study, very surprisingly, showed no gender difference in neuroticism in the current sample of Yoga students, thereby creating a deviation to a widely present gender difference. Conclusions: The current paper discusses the above results in detail, and draws the personality mini‑profile of a mindful individual to be that of one who is emotionally stable and/or well‑disciplined in his/her approach toward life although, studies with larger, representative and cross-cultural samples are needed to further validate this claim.
De Vibe 2013 Does personality moderate the effect of mindfulness training
The majority of mindfulness research to date has reported only on the group-level effects of interventions. Therefore, there is a need to better understand who is most likely to benefit from mindfulness interventions. This study reports on moderation analyses from a two-centre randomised controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) among 288 medical and psychology students. The study investigated whether baseline personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness and extroversion) and baseline mindfulness moderated effects on mental distress, study stress and subjective well-being measured after the intervention. An increased effect of the intervention on mental distress and subjective well-being was found in students with higher scores on neuroticism. Students with higher scores on conscientiousness showed an increased effect of mindfulness training on study stress. The training protected students against an increase in mental distress and study stress and a decrease in subjective well-being that was seen in the control group. Baseline mindfulness and extroversion did not moderate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. The majority of the 288 medical and psychology students in the study sample were female. Female participants scored significantly higher on neuroticism and conscientiousness, and they may therefore be an important target group for mindfulness interventions among students.
Does Personality Moderate the Effects of Mindfulness Training for Medical and Psychology Students?
Mindfulness, 2013
The majority of mindfulness research to date has reported only on the group-level effects of interventions. Therefore, there is a need to better understand who is most likely to benefit from mindfulness interventions. This study reports on moderation analyses from a two-centre randomised controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) among 288 medical and psychology students. The study investigated whether baseline personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness and extroversion) and baseline mindfulness moderated effects on mental distress, study stress and subjective well-being measured after the intervention. An increased effect of the intervention on mental distress and subjective well-being was found in students with higher scores on neuroticism. Students with higher scores on conscientiousness showed an increased effect of mindfulness training on study stress. The training protected students against an increase in mental distress and study stress and a decrease in subjective well-being that was seen in the control group. Baseline mindfulness and extroversion did not moderate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. The majority of the 288 medical and psychology students in the study sample were female. Female participants scored significantly higher on neuroticism and conscientiousness, and they may therefore be an important target group for mindfulness interventions among students.
Does personality moderate the effect of mindfulness training for medical and psychology students?
The majority of mindfulness research to date has reported only on the group-level effects of interventions. Therefore, there is a need to better understand who is most likely to benefit from mindfulness interventions. This study reports on moderation analyses from a two-centre randomised controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) among 288 medical and psychology students. The study investigated whether baseline personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness and extroversion) and baseline mindfulness moderated effects on mental distress, study stress and subjective well-being measured after the intervention. An increased effect of the intervention on mental distress and subjective well-being was found in students with higher scores on neuroticism. Students with higher scores on conscientiousness showed an increased effect of mindfulness training on study stress. The training protected students against an increase in mental distress and study stress and a decrease in subjective well-being that was seen in the control group. Baseline mindfulness and extroversion did not moderate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. The majority of the 288 medical and psychology students in the study sample were female. Female participants scored significantly higher on neuroticism and conscientiousness, and they may therefore be an important target group for mindfulness interventions among students.
Does personality moderate the effects on mindfulness training for medical and psychology students?
2013
The majority of mindfulness research to date has reported only on the group-level effects of interventions. Therefore, there is a need to better understand who is most likely to benefit from mindfulness interventions. This study reports on moderation analyses from a two-centre randomised controlled trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) among 288 medical and psychology students. The study investigated whether baseline personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness and extroversion) and baseline mindfulness moderated effects on mental distress, study stress and subjective well-being measured after the intervention. An increased effect of the intervention on mental distress and subjective well-being was found in students with higher scores on neuroticism. Students with higher scores on conscientiousness showed an increased effect of mindfulness training on study stress. The training protected students against an increase in mental distress and study stress and a decrease in subjective well-being that was seen in the control group. Baseline mindfulness and extroversion did not moderate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. The majority of the 288 medical and psychology students in the study sample were female. Female participants scored significantly higher on neuroticism and conscientiousness, and they may therefore be an important target group for mindfulness interventions among students.
Mindfulness-oriented meditation improves self-related character scales in healthy individuals
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2014
Previous studies have shown that mindfulness meditation may improve well-being in healthy individuals and be effective in the treatment of mental and neurological disorders. Here, we investigated the effects of an 8-week mindfulness-mediation program on the personality profiles of three groups of healthy individuals with no previous experience with meditation as compared to a control group not enrolled in any training. Personality profiles were obtained through the Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger et al., 1993). In the experimental groups, significant increments after the training were obtained in all the three character scales describing the levels of self maturity at the intrapersonal (Self-Directedness), interpersonal (Cooperativeness), and transpersonal (Self-Transcendence) levels. No changes were found in the control group. Strikingly, these effects were significant only in those groups who were engaged in consistent daily meditation practice but not in the group who attended the meditation training but were less consistent in home practice. Since higher scores in the character scales are associated to a lower risk of personality disorder, we propose that the increase of self maturity after the training may be an important mechanism for the effectiveness of mindfulness-oriented meditation in psychotherapeutic contexts.
Examining mindfulness and psychological inflexibility within the framework of Big Five personality
Personality and Individual Differences, 2013
Psychological inflexibility and mindfulness represent two constructs that have garnered a great deal of interest in recent years as central components in the conceptualizati on of many new cognitive and behavioral therapies. Nonetheless, though theoretically related, relatively little is known regarding associations between these two constructs and consensus models of trait personality such as the Big Five. The current study therefore aimed to more fully elucidate association s among these three domains within a relatively large, diverse undergradua te sample (N = 429). Mindfulness was negatively associated with Neuroticism and positivel y associated with Conscientiousne ss while psychological inflexibility was positively associated with Neuroticism and negatively associated with Conscientiousness. Further, while Conscientiousness evidenced the strongest contribution to mindfulness, Neuroticism evidenced the strongest contribution to psychological inflexibility. Better elucidating how psychological inflexibility and mindfulness differentially relate to Big Five personality traits expands the nomological network surrounding these constructs and begins to reveal common processes underlying psychopathology and health behaviors.
Mindfulness Annotated Bibliography 1 10/27/21
Wang, H., et al. (2022). "Which comes first? Modeling the longitudinal association between mindfulness and neuroticism." Personality & Individual Differences 184: N.PAG-N.PAG. Mindfulness-based interventions have been found to mitigate neuroticism. However, the temporal order of these relationships in non-clinical individuals without mindfulness training remains unclear. This fourwave longitudinal study examined whether within-person changes in mindfulness precede or follow changes in neuroticism in a large sample of Chinese college students (Wave 1: M age = 21.12 ± 1.45, 60.7% female, N = 1074). Using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, we found a reciprocal association between mindfulness and neuroticism at the within-person level, which corroborated the dynamic personality theories. Changes in mindfulness were negatively correlated with subsequent changes in neuroticism (B = −0.11, p <.001, β = −0.11 to −0.09); and changes in neuroticism were also negatively correlated with subsequent changes in mindfulness (B = −0.14, p <.001, β = −0.15 to −0.11). At the between-person level, higher neuroticism was correlated with lower mindfulness (r = −0.51, SE = 0.04, p <.001). These findings suggest that RI-CLPM modeling techniques are suitable for interpreting mindfulness and neuroticism associations both at the between-and within-person level. • Examined longitudinal associations between mindfulness and neuroticism. • Found mutual within-person associations between mindfulness and neuroticism. • Revealed a constant trait overlap of these two concepts at the between-person level.
1972
The Freiburger Personality Inventory (FPI) was administered to 49 people practicing the Transcendental Meditation technique. Their scores on the 12 scales of the FPI were compared with a comparison group constructed from available age and sex norms for each scale. The meditators differed significantly from the normative comparison group on ten of the 12 scales, all in the direction of more healthy, balanced psychological functioning. Moreover, the meditators did not differ significantly from the comparison group on the scale of Openness, which gives an indication of the extent to which people are attempting to respond in a socially desirable manner. When the Transcendental Meditation group was divided into two groups based on the length of time they had been practicing the technique, it was found that long-term meditators differed from the normative comparison group on nine scales, whereas the short-term meditators differed on two scales. These results suggest that the Transcendental Meditation program produces continuous, balanced psycho- logical growth.