RESPONSES OF SOME DEGRADED SOILS OF ABIA STATE, NIGERIA TO BIOSOLIDS AMENDMENTS (original) (raw)
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The effect of biosolids application rates on bulk density and total porosity of degraded soils was investigated. The study was conducted on the degraded sites of Amaiyi, Oruruala and Ugwu rubber all in Abia State, Nigeria. Sewage sludge samples were collected from the Enugu State Environmental Protection Agency Sewage dumpsite at Ugwaji Nike Enugu, Nigeria, and composted with wood chips in 60:40 ratios using improvised aerated static piles systems for 21 days. The ameliorating effects of biosolids on degraded soils were carried out in a 4X3 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Processed biosolids were incorporated into the degraded soils at the rate of 0t/ha (control), 10t/ha, 20t/ha and 30t/ha. Soil samples 0- 30cm were collected 157 days after incorporation, air dried, crushed and sieved. Bulk density was determined by the method of Blake and Hartage (1986), and total porosity was determined indirectly from the bulk density. Treatment effects of bulk density and total porosity were analyzed using the student’s t- test. Results showed that the mean values of treatment rates 10 t/ha, 20 t/ha and 30/t/ha on bulk density were 1.54gm/cm3, 1.43g/cm3 and 1.31g/cm3 respectively against 1.59g/cm3 recorded at the control, while the mean values for total porosity were 41.9%, 46.1% and 50.6% for 10t/ha, 20t/ha and 30t/ha respectively against 40% of the control. Though there were significant differences between bulk density and total porosity in all the treatment rates, more significant differences (P<0.05) were observed at rate 30 t/ha when compared with the control. As treatment rates increased from 10t/ha to 30t/ha, results revealed an inverse relationship between bulk density and total porosity, as bulk density decreased, total porosity increased; and the higher the treatment rates, the higher the total porosity and the lower the bulk density. Total porosity did not correlate significantly with bulk density for the main effects of biosolids application rates (r= -0.56). Significant negative relationship existed between total porosity and bulk density for the main effects of degraded soil types (r= -0.88). The accelerated soil erosion in all the sites studied was due to decreases in infiltration and total porosity brought about by high bulk density. The use of processed biosolids at moderate rates to improve total porosity and reduce bulk density as a measure to ameliorate degraded state of the study sites was recommended. Keywords: Degraded Soils, Biosolids, Treatment Rates, Bulk Density, and Total Porosity
Waste Management, 2004
The effect of land application of biosolids on an agricultural soil was studied in a 2-month incubation experiment. The soil microbial biomass and the availability of heavy metals in the soil was monitored after the application of four different composting mixtures of sewage sludge and cotton waste, at different stages of composting. Land application caused an increase of both size and activity of soil microbial biomass that was related to the stabilization degree of the composting mixture. Sewage sludge stabilization through composting reduced the perturbance of the soil microbial biomass. At the end of the experiment, the size and the activity of the soil microbial biomass following the addition of untreated sewage sludge were twice those developed with mature compost. For the mature compost, the soil microbial biomass recovered its original equilibrium status (defined as the specific respiration activity, qCO 2 ) after 18 days of incubation, whereas the soil amended with less stabilized materials did not recover equilibrium even after the two-month incubation period. The stabilization degree of the added materials did not affect the availability of Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd in the soil in the low heavy metal content of the sewage sludge studied. Stabilization of organic wastes before soil application is advisable for the lower perturbation of soil equilibria status and the more efficient C mineralization. #
Effect of biosolids from municipal sewage sludge composted with rice husk on soil functionality
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013
Two different biosolids were obtained composting anaerobic (A) and aerobic (B) municipal sewage sludge (SS) with rice husk. Higher amounts of SS (1:1 v/v) could be used in this composting process than in conventional ones. The two biosolids were characterized by chemical analysis and compared with a conventional green manure plus municipal solid waste and municipal SS compost. The effect of these products on soil functionality was studied in a 14week incubation experiment by their addition to two different soils (silty clay-Ustic Endoaquert-and sandy loam-Aquic Xeropsamment). The total organic C ranged from 20 to 26 % and total N from 1.6 to 2.5 % in the two biosolids. The most relevant difference was due to dissolved organic C that was lower in the anaerobic biosolid (1 mgCkg −1 ) than in the other products (5-6 mgCkg −1 ). The total trace elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) contents were under the limits fixed by the European legislation for soil application of SS (EC Directive 86/278/EEC, 1986). The three biosolids did not show strong negative effects on soil functionality during the incubation experiment, although some significant differences were found. The aerobic biosolid B mainly increased cumulative N release, microbial activity, basal respiration rate, microbial biomass-C-tototal organic C ratio, β-glucosidase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and aryl-sulphatase activities. The anaerobic one (B) decreased basal respiration rate, microbial biomass-C-to-total organic C ratio and aryl-sulphatase activity. DTPA soil bioavailable heavy metals were not affected by biosolids additions.
Soil & Tillage Research, 2005
Intensive agricultural practices generally lead to considerable reduction of organic carbon in soils. Moreover, the use of saline water affects physical parameters such as aggregate stability, and thus, bulk density. Organic amendments have been proposed as an effective method to improve physical properties of soils. In this paper, the effect of successive biosolids (sewage sludge) amendments on aggregate stability percentage and bulk density on two degraded soils (one salinized) have been evaluated during several samplings. Different relationships between these parameters (aggregate stability and bulk density) with organic carbon, carbohydrates and exchangeable sodium percentage have been observed in these soils. The application of biosolids increased significantly the organic carbon, carbohydrates and aggregate stability percentage, resulting in a decrease of the bulk density of both soils. In the non-salinized soil, the increase in aggregate stability was related to the increase in organic carbon and carbohydrates. But in the salinized soil, the increase in aggregate stability was related to the increase in carbohydrates and specially to the decrease in exchangeable sodium percentage. In both soils, the decreases in bulk density by the organic amendments were related to the increase in aggregate stability. Application of biosolids could be a successful practice to improve soil structure in degraded soils. #
Biosolid Quality and its Effect on Deforested Soil
Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental
Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biosolids in an area of recent deforestation. Theoretical framework: Biosolids correspond to a type of organic waste resulting from different treatment processes. Method: The evaluation was carried out in 6 plots, in different sites in the same area and evaluated the growth of species height and laboratory analysis of microbiological, physical-chemical and heavy metal parameters for the soil; this to be compared with national and international regulations that regulate the use of biosolids. Results and conclusion: The growth of tree species, nutrient supply and toxicity of some parameters such as heavy metals and pathogens were identified according to treatment; as a result, the best growth in total height was obtained in plot P3, which had application of the biosolid with 26 tree species of the 124 species sampled. As for the soil, the biosolid increased the redox potential by 24% in the plots with substr...
Suitability of biosolids from university sewage ponds as a substrate for crop production
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2019
Currently, sewage waste management is a serious environmental problem and one of the major growing concerns for urban areas all over the world. Utilization of biosolids (BS) for crop production may be a sustainable waste management strategy. The present study evaluated the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of biosolids from sewage ponds at Egerton University, Kenya. This was to determine its suitability for crop production. Biosolids were evaluated separately then as mixture with forest soil at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% and compared with tea compost (TC) and coco peat (CP) in a completely randomized design experiment with four replications. Data collected included: macro-elements, micro-elements, heavy metals, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density (BD), water holding capacity and biological properties. Results showed that total organic carbon (0.03%), total organic nitrogen (2.0%) and Molybdenum (22 mg kg-1), in biosolids were significantly (p < 0.05) higher compared with forest soil, but not significantly different from tea compost. For heavy metals, Hg (0.33 mg kg-1), As (5.9 mg kg-1), Cr (31.1mg kg-1), Cd (0.38 mg kg-1), Ni (16.3 mg kg-1) and Zn (127 mg kg-1) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in biosolids but within the allowable limits according to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. bulk density (1.2 to 1.5) g cm-3 and pH (5.4 to 5.8) units, but high organic matter (195 to 230) g kg-1, water holding capacity (35 to 42 %) and EC (2.6 to 5.4) µSm-1). For microbial load, total viable count (TVC) and colony forming units (CFU) registered 5 ×10-7 and 6.5×10-7 respectively. However, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were not detectable in the fully composted biosolids. Similar trend of these results were subsequently observed in the substrates formed in the mixture of biosolids and forest soil and this provide insight on the potential of biosolids as substrate for crop production and a reliable alternative to soil alone.
Effects of Biosolids Application on Soil Chemical Properties In Peri-Urban Agricultural Systems
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The application of biosolids as a fertilizer in agricultural cultivation are common practices in many countries. This study investigates the effects of such practices in field experiments on Fluvisol and Acrisol soils in peri-urban Hanoi City. We compared biosolidfertilized vegetable/rice-dominated systems (biosolids applied as chicken manure (Acrisol in Vinh Phuc Province) or composted pig manure mixed with rice straw (Fluvisol in Ha Tay Province). The biosolids were applied at six different rates representing from 0 to 450% of the normal annual dose used by local farmers. The application of biosolids had highly significant positive effects on organic carbon (TOC%) and total nitrogen (N tot %), when the six different treatments of composted manure and chicken manure were compared. The soil reverse aqua regia-extractable (Rev Aq Reg) Zn increased linearly with biosolids application rate at both sites and the linear regression showed Zn (mg kg -1 ) = 112.5 + 13.25×10 -3 ×composted manure (t ha -1 ) (r 2 =0.58) or Zn (mg kg -1 ) = 43.77 + 35.04×10 -3 ×chicken manure (t ha -1 ) (r 2 =0.73), whereas Cu (Rev Aq Reg) only increased significantly at the Vinh Phuc site. The Cd and Pb (Rev Aq Reg) concentration is not clearly different from the control after short-term (one time) application of biosolids. The application of biosolids increased the EDTA-extractable fraction of Cd, Cu and Zn, but had no effect on NH 4 NO 3 -extractable fractions of these elements.