Production of Green gas (Bio-gas) and Compost from Food wastes through Sustainable Technologies (original) (raw)
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Production of green gas and compost from food wastes through sustainable technologies
Production of ‘Green gas (Biogas)’ generated from ‘Hostel Food wastes’ (total solids 65.5 %, moisture content 45.5%, volatile solids 18.4 %, pH, 6.2 to 6.7) was undertaken by employing sustainable technologies. Food wastes such as, discarded vegetables, other bio-wastes and cooked food items of total solid concentrations of 40 % and 50% which were added to anaerobic digester at laboratory conditions. The cow dung slurry and sewage treatment sludge were inoculated to pre-designed bio reactor containing food wastes collected from the hostel located in Tumkur. An average amount of food wastes of 245 kg/day was added to the digester, production of Green gas starts after four weeks. Two groups of bacteria were isolated from the digester. These were the acid formers (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli) and the methane formers (Methanobacterium sp and Methanococcus sp). The process of methanogenesis includes hydrolysis, acidogenesis / acetogenesis and methanogenesis. Methane is the main component of Green gas (5070%). Other components include C02 (30-40%) and traces of H2S and H20 vapour. Temperature of 32.4 0C was optimum for the production of Green gas i.e, 220 cm3/kg/day. Food wastes were fermented for 45days and the recovery level of Green gas was found to be 45% with the calorific value of 4700 kcal/M3 and compost-25% was recorded. The out-come of this study suggest that, the hostel food wastes can be used for Green/Bio gas production and as bio-manure/fertilizer towards sustainable agriculture production.
Production of Biogas by Using Food Waste
The current work focuses on the generating bio-gas from food waste produced by Mahendra Engineering College Canteen using anaerobic digestion process. Attempts have been made to optimize various parameters in order to determine the most favorable recipe for maximum biogas production from the digested food waste. The biogas yields have been determined using batch anaerobic thermophilic digestion tests for a period of 90 days. Characteristic oscillation was observed in the rate of methane production, which may be due to the presence of methylotroph population in the activated sludge, which uses methane as a carbon source for their growth. The total biogas generated in the system over the experimental period was the sum of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas produced from the decomposition of food waste was a mixture of 76% methane and 24% carbon dioxide.
The aim of this research is to generate biogas, an alternative and viable source of energy for household consumption in particular, from substrate consisting of leftover foods collected from Bahir Dar University students’ cafeteria and cow dung, taken in a weight ratio of 7:3. The production of biogas from the substrate was attempted using plastic digesters of 150 L, 20 L, and 1.8 L capacity under anaerobic conditions. The leftover foods were collected from the student’s cafeteria while cow dung was fetched from the University’s ranch. The production of biogas was monitored over a period of 60 days. Parameters such as pH, temperature, total solids, volatile solids, and ash and moisture contents of the raw and digested sludges were determined using standard methods. The average volume of biogas produced from three separate digesters, each volume of 1.8 L, was measured using water displacement method and was found to be 5.6 ml of biogas per gram of substrate. Injera with shiro stew, vegetable sauce and injera with peas kik stew have higher %VS/TS suggesting their usefulness as desirable substrates for biogas generation. The flammable gas was observed from laboratory scale digesters, on 45th day after charging the waste. As shown in the result, reduction of total solids and volatile solids of food waste was observed after digested sludge was treated for solid analysis. This indicates that, the raw substrate charged in the digester was degraded to produce biogas. Food waste has a highest organic content and biodegradability, so it is a useful substrate for biogas production.
Biogas Production from Food Waste: A Theoretical Study of NIT Hamirpur Campus
Food waste, one of the most unrecovered materials in municipal solid waste stream, when disposed off in landfills generates methane which is a potential greenhouse gas. Researchers at the United Nations have estimated that as much as 50% of the food produced is wasted or discarded. Biogas systems that utilize kitchen wastes are 800 times efficient than conventional biogas systems, produce residual organic waste with superior nutrient qualities after anaerobic digestion. A typical Indian food waste possesses 70% moisture content, volatile solid to total solid ratio (VS/TS) of 80, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of 18-19 and density of about 290 kg/m 3. Because of high moisture content it is more suitable for anaerobic digestion as compared to thermochemical technologies like combustion or gasification. In the present study, a novel and energy efficient system is proposed for the conversion of post-consumer food scraps at NIT Hamirpur campus into usable biogas, aiming to find out alter...
Review: Generation of Biogas from Kitchen Waste, Bagasse and Garden Waste
- In India, Large amount of kitchen waste, vegetable waste, bagasse, garden waste are obtained which is given in municipal solid waste which adds to management of waste. If it can be utilized for better purposes it can reduce load to municipal solid waste management. This waste being organic in nature can be used for biogas production. This paper reviews the utilization of organic waste available for anaerobic digestion of waste and thus utilization of waste to energy. Any matter which can be decomposable by the action of microorganisms in a short period of time is called biodegradable. Mostly food waste; vegetable waste, bagasse, Garden waste are biodegradable. These wastes are generally dumped in dumping sites which when degraded release carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulphide into the environment thereby contributes to air pollution and odors pollution. In this paper review of experiment work by different researchers for generation and utilization of biogas by organic wastes. This paper even opens new avenue of waste to energy method of disposal of municipal waste. These waste if treated in proper method can be utilize for integrated solid waste management. Efficiency of production of biogas increases by mixing cow dung to any of these wastes. Cow dung is also easily available in rural part of India and even at urban India. This paper leads to finding out most effective waste for biogas production and finding its percentage with cow dung.
Comparative Study of Biogas Production from Different Food Wastes
2010
The proper management of solid waste is the need of the time. The solid waste consists of various components, some of them are biodegradable where as other are non biodegradable. The waste from various biodegradable sources could be utilized as a feed material for the gas production. The objective of this study is food waste management through biogas production. Comparative studies of biogas production using various substrates were carried out. The substrates used were (A) Kitchen waste and (B) Unprocessed food waste including raw vegetable waste (fenugreek) and banana waste. Various parameters were studied during biogas production like alkalinity, protein content, carbohydrate and chemical oxygen demand. During the comparative study of different substrates it was observed that the protein content, carbohydrates and chemical oxygen demand decreased with the increase in time, where as pH and alkalinity varied. In addition to these parameters methane production was also monitored with...