Cannabis use in young people: The risk for schizophrenia (original) (raw)
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bioRxiv, 2021
Cannabis use is highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia and worsens the course of the disorder. To understand the causal impacts of cannabis on schizophrenia-related oscillatory disruptions, we herein investigated the impact of exposure to cannabis vapour (containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] or balanced THC and cannabidiol [CBD]) on oscillatory activity in the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) rat model of schizophrenia. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent NVHL or sham surgeries on postnatal day 7. In adulthood, electrodes were implanted targeting the cingulate cortex (Cg), the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the dorsal hippocampus (HIP), and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Local field potential recordings were obtained following exposure to two strains of vapourized cannabis flower (with ~10% THC or ~10% balanced THC:CBD) in a cross-over design with a two-week wash-out period between exposures. Compared to controls, NVHL rats had reduced baseline gamma power in the ...
Frontiers in psychiatry, 2018
Marijuana is the most commonly used drug of abuse among adolescents. Considerable clinical evidence supports the hypothesis that adolescent neurodevelopmental exposure to high levels of the principal psychoactive component in marijuana, -delta-9-tetrahydrocanabinol (THC), is associated with a high risk of developing psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia later in life. This marijuana-associated risk is believed to be related to increasing levels of THC found within commonly used marijuana strains. Adolescence is a highly vulnerable period for the development of the brain, where the inhibitory GABAergic system plays a pivotal role in the maturation of regulatory control mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, adolescent neurodevelopment represents a critical period wherein regulatory connectivity between higher-order cortical regions and sub-cortical emotional processing circuits such as the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system is established. Emerging preclinic...
Cannabinoid-glutamate interactions and neural oscillations: implications for psychosis
The European journal of neuroscience, 2017
Preclinical and clinical data suggest that the cannabinoid and glutamatergic systems are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ), the prototypical psychotic disorder. This has led to distinct "cannabis" and "ketamine" models of SZ, respectively. However, these two models need not be mutually exclusive. Indeed, in several brain regions implicated in the putative neural circuitry of SZ (e.g., hippocampus, frontal cortex, cerebellum), cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1Rs) and glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have direct and indirect interactions. CB1R agonists and NMDAR antagonists act upon gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons to reduce GABAergic neurotransmission. This would be predicted to result in the unsynchronized activity of pyramidal neurons, disrupting neural network oscillations involved in information processing, thus leading to psychotomimetic effects. Hence, the overarching aim of the current review is to synthesize...