SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE PUTATIVE DUAL REFLEXES OF PIE *CRHC IN GREEK AND ARMENIAN, FRANCIS’ LAW AND GREEK αὐχήν ‘NECK, ETC.’ (original) (raw)
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On the Reflex of Word Initial RHV- in Greek.
The sound of Indo-european 2 (Papers on Indo-European, phonemics and morphophonemics), Sefcik, Ondrej & Sukac, Roman (eds.), 2012, Lincom.
This paper deals with the reflex of the Indo-European sequence sonorant plus laryngeal before a vowel (RHV-) in word initial position in Greek. In 1988 Beekes adduced convincing evidence that the development in the IE languages of the word initial sequence sonorant plus laryngeal when before consonant (RHC-) is different than the development of the sequence in the middle of the word. In word initial position the laryngeal was vocalized rather than the sonorant. According to Beekes the sequence RHV- in word initial position also shows a different reflex. He points out the example of *mh1-etrom which yields me>tron and not **ametron or **emetron . However, I consider that there is a counter-evidence which contradicts Beekes’ view on the development of RHV- in word initial position. Here below I shall propose some etymologies supporting the assumption that the IE word initial sequence RHV- develops in αRV- in Greek. This reflex would be parallel to the treatment of the sequence consonant plus sonorant plus laryngeal before vowel (CRHV) .
Greek is very important not only because it is recognized as the richest language on Earth, but also because Latin and subsequently all, more or less, European languages are its derivatives. It is also important because of its similarities (mostly hidden) with other ancient languages of the East, not only the obvious case of the Sanskrit but also the Chinese , the Farsi, the Aramaic and its derivatives Hebrew and Arabic and of the connectivity provided between the East and the West. Our working hypothesis is that the small, short verbs of the type Xω or XYω, where X a letter of the Greek alphabet and Y also a letter of the Greek alphabet, mainly a vowel and –ω the usual ending of a verb in Greek, provide the basis for the etymology of the majority of Greek words but even of many words of other languages. This study presents the main ideas and it is by no means complete. The aim is at giving another, an alternative angle of viewing the etymology and to encourage and inspire people working in this field to test the hypothesis and to hopefully continue and complete the search outlined in the present paper.
The twofold development of PIE *o in Greek, Latin and Celtic.
2024
I consider that PIE *o split into /a/ and /o/ in Greek, Latin and Celtic, hence most of the /a/ vocalism can be derived from PIE *o regardless laryngeal coloring. I consider, contrary to the traditional view, that the unconditioned outcome of PIE *o in those branches is /a/ as in most of the branches, and that it is easier to assume that the /o/ vocalism arose conditioned by different factors such as stress or surrounding phonemes. I consider that a set of rules can be drawn for Greek alone and another set for Italic and Celtic together .
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis , 2019
In the following paper selected Greek words with initial zd-or h-, which could have developed from Proto-Indo-European initial H or -, are analyzed. In the first part the position of the Greek language within the Indo-European family, the Laryngeal Theory and the history of research on the development of initial glide (H)-in Greek are commented on. In the main segment, divided between the two parts of the paper, the criteria of the selection of the Greek words are put forward and the selected thirteen words analyzed in the light of the development of their initial segments. In the second part, the conclusions made on the basis of the analysis are confronted with theories on scenarios of relative chronology of the sound changes. Finally, typological data is adduced to favour one of the possible scenarios of changes. 2. Analysis 2.3. The material-forms with initial zd-2.3.1. ζειαί Restricted mostly to the plural number (nom. sing. ζειά) the Greek noun ζειαί 'crops' is derived by Beekes from *eh 1-'crop' and compared with Skr. yáva id., Av. yauua-id. and Lith. javaī id. The length of the Greek Inlaut vowel, which is incompatible with the comparative material, is explained by metrical lengthening 1 (Beekes 2010: 497). 1 He also acknowledges a possibility of treating the sequence as a genuine diphthong. The details of the development of the Inlaut, however, are not relevant in this paper.
The morphosyntactic status of the Greek bipartite reciprocal in cross-linguistic perspective
Language Typology and Universals, 2008
The Greek reciprocal expression o énas ton álon represents an interesting transitional stage in the development from a transparent spelling out of the reciprocal relation to a lexicalized reciprocal expression filling an argument position of transitive verbs. This is indicated by a number of morphosyntactic and semantic properties of the expression. The corresponding expressions in other languages undergo the same changes. We point at shared properties of the Greek reciprocal and its English, Spanish and Basque counterparts. H ékfrash o énav ton állon h opoía crhsimopoieítai gia thn ékfrash allhlopájeiav brísketai se metabatikó stádio, kajåv exelíssetai apó mia diafanä perífrash allhlopájeiav se lexikopoihménh allhlopajä frásh se jésh sumplhråmatov tou rämatov. H tásh autä diafaínetai cárh se orisména morfosuntaktiká kai shmasiologiká carakthristiká thv. Oi antístoicev ekfráseiv se állev glåssev ufístantai parómoiev metabolév. Epishmaínoume koiná carakthristiká thv ellhnikäv ékfrashv me tiv antístoicev ekfráseiv sta aggliká, ta ispaniká kai ta baskiká.
A WORKING HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ETYMOLOGIC BASIS OF THE GREEK LANGUAGE (Autosaved).odt
Greek is very important not only because it is recognized as the richest language on Earth, but also because Latin and subsequently all, more or less, European languages are its derivatives. It is also important because of its similarities (mostly hidden) with other ancient languages of the East, not only the obvious case of the Sanskrit but also the Chinese , the Farsi, the Aramaic and its derivatives Hebrew and Arabic and of the connectivity provided between the East and the West. Our working hypothesis is that the small, short verbs of the type Xω or XYω, where X a letter of the Greek alphabet and Y also a letter of the Greek alphabet, mainly a vowel and –ω the usual ending of a verb in Greek, provide the basis for the etymology of the majority of Greek words but even of many words of other languages. This study presents the main ideas and it is by no means complete. The aim is at giving another, an alternative angle of viewing the etymology and to encourage and inspire people working in this field to test the hypothesis and to hopefully continue and complete the search outlined in the present paper.
Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis, 2019
In the following paper selected Greek words with initial zd or h, which could have developed from Proto-Indo-European initial H or -, are analyzed. In the first part the position of the Greek language within the Indo-European family, the Laryngeal Theory and the history of research on the development of initial glide (H)-in Greek are commented on. In the main segment, divided between the two parts of the paper, the criteria of the selection of the Greek words are put forward and the selected thirteen words analyzed in the light of the development of their initial segments. In the second part, the conclusions made on the basis of the analysis are confronted with theories on scenarios of relative chronology of the sound changes. Finally, typological data is adduced to favour one of the possible scenarios of changes.
On the treatment of PIE *ghR- in Latin
"Priscis Libentius et Liberius Novis: Indogermanische und sprachwissenschaftliche Studien (Festschrift für Gerhard Meiser zum 65. Geburtstag)", ed. O. Hackstein and A. Opfermann, 2018