Immunohistochemical detection of Tritrichomonas foetus in experimentally infected mice (original) (raw)
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Experimentally induced intravaginal Tritrichomonas foetus infection in a mouse model
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 2005
Soto P., Echevarría H.M., Monteavaro C.E. & Catena M.C. 2005. [Experimentally induced Experimentally induced Experimentally induced Experimentally induced Experimentally induced intravaginal intravaginal intravaginal intravaginal intravaginal T T T T Tritrichomonas foetus ritrichomonas foetus ritrichomonas foetus ritrichomonas foetus ritrichomonas foetus infection in a mouse model infection in a mouse model infection in a mouse model infection in a mouse model infection in a mouse model.] Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25(4):225-230. The interest to develop research on the host-parasite relationship in bovine tritrichomonosis has accomplished the use of experimental models alternative to cattle. The BALB/c mouse became the most appropriate species susceptible to vaginal Tritrichomonas foetus infection requiring previous estrogenization.
Tritrichomonas foetus: Experimental infection in pregnant BALB/c mice
Experimental Parasitology, 2008
Bovine genital tritrichomonosis is a venereal disease produced by the flagellate Tritrichomonas foetus. The disease is characterized by the repetition of oestrus and infertility due to embryonic or foetal death. Numerous experimental rodent models have been developed, but none of them has been applied in pregnant females. In this work, we reproduced genital tritrichomonosis in pregnant BALB/c mice. The results were analysed considering the following pregnancy phases: early, middle and final. In the infected group, embryonic loss was significantly higher and occurred in the early and middle phases, in accordance with the time of embryo death in infected bovines. In infected animals at the early phase of pregnancy there was evidence of embryonic death without inflammatory changes in the uterus, suggesting a pathogenic mechanism that does not involve direct tissue damage. In the later days, conceptus loss was associated with endometritis and changes in the decidua.
Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2008
An experimental murine model of bovine genital tritrichomonosis is described. Female mice were inoculated per vaginam with Tritrichomonas foetus and a sample of the study population was killed every 3 days up to 60 days post-infection. Microscopical changes in the reproductive organs were assessed and immunohistochemistry was used to detectT. foetus within these tissues. Lectin histochemistry was used to determine changes in the expression of carbohydrates within the reproductive mucosa. A range of microscopical changes were detected in the uterine endometrium by 10 days post-inoculation and these were associated with the presence of the protozoan. The endometrial changes included endometritis and ulceration, mucosal atrophy and glandular metaplasia, and were similar to those reported in naturally infected cows. Changes in lectin binding were recognized ¢rst in the vagina where there was increased binding of Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) which was maximal on day 16 postinoculation. Within the uterus, there was increased binding of soy bean agglutinin (SBA) which was maximal on day 19 post-inoculation, and of peanut agglutinin (PNA) which was maximal on day 16 post-inoculation. These changes in carbohydrate expression parallel the infection kinetics, since they appeared ¢rst in the vagina and later in the uterus. The changes may re£ect either a host reaction against the infection or the production of enzymes by T. foetus, which act to enhance adhesion and colonization of the genital organs by the organism. The kinetics and pathogenesis of this murine infection are similar to those of the natural bovine disease, suggesting that this model system may be valuable for further studies of this disease. r
Veterinary Parasitology, 2018
Vaccines against Tritrichomonas foetus have been shown to reduce the time of infection after natural or experimental exposure. The object of this study was to assess the protection against T. foetus infection conferred by a single vaginal instillation of formaldehyde fixed T. foetus cells. Aberdeen Angus virgin heifers were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 12 individuals to receive placebo or formaldehyde fixed T. foetus cells prepared following one of two procedures (formalin or freshly prepared solution) and six weeks later they were challenged with 10 6 T. foetus trophozoites. The median time for clearance among control heifers was 93.75 days while in animals immunized with formaldehyde fixed T. foetus it was 45 days. A single vaginal dose of cells fixed with fresh formaldehyde solution gave a rate of decay of infection per unit of time of 2.54 (CI 95% = 1.07;6.01).
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias, 2006
El objetivo del estudio fue establecer la capacidad de la inmunodifusion radial (IDR) con hapteno nativo, para diferenciar anticuerpos post-vacunales de anticuerpos por infeccion, en bovinos con revacunaciones repetidas de cepa S19. Se trabajo en un establo del estado de Mexico, con presencia de abortos, retencion de placenta, expulsiones y fetos momificados. Las becerras se vacunaban con dosis clasica de cepa S19 de B. abortus, y ya adultas revacunaciones anuales repetidas con dosis reducida de la misma vacuna, existiendo vacas que tenian entre dos a seis revacunaciones. Se realizo un muestreo serologico a todas las hembras en edad reproductiva (n=300), con base en los registros se buscaron vacas con problemas reproductivos, resultando de esta seleccion 90 vacas (30 %). Los sueros se analizaron con las pruebas de tarjeta, rivanol e IDR con hapteno nativo. De las 90 vacas con problemas reproductivos, se colectaron muestras de leche y exudado vaginal, para diagnostico bacteriologico....
Veterinary Parasitology, 2015
The venereal pathogen Tritrichomonas foetus causes early embryonic death and abortion in cattle. With no approved treatment, control involves detection of infected animals and their removal from the herd. Culture is the traditional diagnostic method; standard media are formulated to support protozoal growth while suppressing competing organisms which may prevent microscopic recognition of T. foetus. Real-time PCR increases diagnostic sensitivity and specificity over culture but requires intact T. foetus DNA for detection. The purposes of this study were 1) to evaluate the effects of resident preputial bacteria that are not suppressed by antimicrobials in a commercial culture medium (InPouch TM) on T. foetus detection by culture and PCR, and 2) to determine the performance of a laboratory-prepared culture medium on T. foetus detection by culture and PCR in samples with and without this bacterial contamination. A known concentration of one of three different strains of T. foetus inoculated into InPouch TM (IP) or modified Diamonds-Plastridge media (DPM) were coincubated with a smegma culture media (CONTAM) for 24 h and examined microscopically for the presence of identifiable T. foetus. PCR was performed on IP samples to determine if CONTAM also affected T. foetus DNA detection. A PCR protocol was then validated in DPM that performed similarly to the established IP PCR method. IP and DPM with CONTAM were spiked with serial dilutions that mimic field infections of one of four T. foetus strains and evaluated by real-time PCR; cycles to threshold (Ct) values and "positive" classification were compared between media. T. foetus motility and morphology as well as media pH were severely altered in IP samples with CONTAM compared to those without as well as to DPM medium with and without CONTAM (P < 0.0001). PCR testing demonstrated significantly greater Ct values were for T. foetus DNA (P < 0.001) in IP contaminated with smegma bacteria compared to those without. When using T foetus concentrations that mimic field infections, IP samples with CONTAM had significantly higher Ct values (P < 0.001) than DPM with CONTAM. Using the laboratory cutoff for "positive" on mean Ct values from these samples, significantly (P < 0.01) more bulls would be identified using DPM than with IP if CONTAM was present. Results of this study indicate that bacteria which are not inhibited in media interfere with T. foetus identification by culture and PCR and adversely affect diagnostic sensitivity for this fastidious pathogen.
Adhesion of Tritrichomonas foetus to bovine vaginal epithelial cells
Infection and immunity, 1999
An in vitro culture system of bovine vaginal epithelial cells (BVECs) was developed to study the cytopathogenic effects of Tritrichomonas foetus and the role of lipophosphoglycan (LPG)-like cell surface glycoconjugates in adhesion of parasites to host cells. Exposure of BVEC monolayers to T. foetus resulted in extensive damage of monolayers. Host cell disruption was measured quantitatively by a trypan blue exclusion assay and by release of (3)H from [(3)H]thymidine-labeled host cells. Results indicated contact-dependent cytotoxicity of host cells by T. foetus. The cytopathogenic effect was a function of T. foetus density. Metronidazole- or periodate-treated T. foetus showed no damage to BVEC monolayers. A related human trichomonad, Trichomonas vaginalis, showed no cytotoxic effects, indicating species-specific host-parasite interactions. A direct binding assay was developed and used to investigate the role of a major cell surface LPG-like molecule in host-parasite adhesion. The resu...