Proximate Analysis and Chemical Composition of Raw and Defatted Moringa oleifera Kernel (original) (raw)
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Moringa oleifera plant has been used as an essential vegetarian diet to bridge the gap in protein energy demands in the West African sub-region. Since parts of the plant have multipurpose uses, the comparative studies on the nutrient composition and anti-nutritional factors in the different parts of the plant found in Awka, Nigeria were studied. The methods of Association of Analytical Chemists were used for the proximate analysis, and the amino acid content estimated using Technicon Sequential Multi-sample amino acid analyzer (TSM). The percentage (%) crude protein was comparatively high in the seed (28.02±0.01), leaf (27.60±0.14), and flower (25.99±0.07) in that order, but low in the root (5.02±1.52) and stems (3.59±0.96). The seed (33.78 ± 2.41) and leaf (20.00 ± 2.31) had high amount of % crude lipid compared to the flower (9.44 ± 3.08), root (6.33 ± 1.64) and stem (1.77 ± 0.98). Only the leaf contained all the water-soluble vitamins estimated in the following proportions: ascorbic acid (773.30mg/100g), thiamine (18.47mg/100g), riboflavin (14.82mg/100g), pyridoxine (57.29mg/100g) and niacin (50.35mg/100g). The amino acid assay results indicated that the ratio of the essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) were almost equal unlike in many plants where NEAA are always significantly higher than EAA. Statistical analyses showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the essential and non-essential amino acids present in all the parts of the plant studied. The tannins were highest in the leaf (420.00mg/100g) followed by the stem (100.00mg/100g), the flower (60.00mg/100g) and the root (45.00mg/100g) and lowest in the seed (40.00mg/100g). However, the phytates were low in all the parts of the plant studied. The anti-nutrient values indicated that Moringa oleifera, apart from its high nutrient
Moringa oleifera plant has been used as an essential vegetarian diet to bridge the gap in protein energy demands in the West African sub-region. Since parts of the plant have multipurpose uses, the comparative studies on the nutrient composition and anti-nutritional factors in the different parts of the plant found in Awka, Nigeria were studied. The methods of Association of Analytical Chemists were used for the proximate analysis, and the amino acid content estimated using Technicon Sequential Multi-sample amino acid analyzer (TSM). The percentage (%) crude protein was comparatively high in the seed (28.02±0.01), leaf (27.60±0.14), and flower (25.99±0.07) in that order, but low in the root (5.02±1.52) and stems (3.59±0.96). The seed (33.78 ± 2.41) and leaf (20.00 ± 2.31) had high amount of % crude lipid compared to the flower (9.44 ± 3.08), root (6.33 ± 1.64) and stem (1.77 ± 0.98). Only the leaf contained all the water-soluble vitamins estimated in the following proportions: ascorbic acid (773.30mg/100g), thiamine (18.47mg/100g), riboflavin (14.82mg/100g), pyridoxine (57.29mg/100g) and niacin (50.35mg/100g). The amino acid assay results indicated that the ratio of the essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) were almost equal unlike in many plants where NEAA are always significantly higher than EAA. Statistical analyses showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the essential and non-essential amino acids present in all the parts of the plant studied. The tannins were highest in the leaf (420.00mg/100g) followed by the stem (100.00mg/100g), the flower (60.00mg/100g) and the root (45.00mg/100g) and lowest in the seed (40.00mg/100g). However, the phytates were low in all the parts of the plant studied. The anti-nutrient values indicated that Moringa oleifera, apart from its high nutrient
2015
Moringa oleifera is a plant that is in high demand for its nutritional and medicinal values. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional and phytochemical constituents of the leaf of Moringa oleifera cultivated in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Samples of leaf of M. oleifera were obtained from six different moringa cultivating locations in Ado Ekiti. The proximate analysis of dried leaf of M. oleifera showed that it is highly rich in protein (28.00±0.33%) and metabolizable energy (2625.25±79.30 Kcal/Kg), with appreciable levels of fat (3.88%), ash (9.88%), crude fibre (12.57%) and carbohydrate (37.87%). The leaf was found to be rich in minerals and vitamins. It contained high concentrations of Zn , Mg , Ca , K and PO , respectively, 64.17±2.04, 2+ 2+ 2+ + 3- 4 643.33±6.06, 82.50±6.89, 430.00±8.37 and 50.43±2.05mg/100g. Low, but appreciable levels of Fe , ascorbic 2+ acid, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin were equally obtained. Phytochemical analysis revealed high concentrations of alkaloid...
Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science
This study was conducted to evaluate the nutrient and antinutritional compound in moringa oleifera lam leaves affected by location. The leaves were sourced from upland, lowland, and residential garden. The DM varies with location ranging from 96.8%-91.8%.The CP differ with location ranging from 14.6%- 8.2%.The treatment sourced from the residential garden has the highest DM (98.6%) and the one at the lowland has the lowest (91.8%).The CP of the treatment sourced from lowland has the highest (14.6%),and that of upland has the lowest CP (8.2%).The CF of the treatment from upland is the highest (7.8%), While that of the residential garden is the lowest (4.6%).The EE has very low amount Of EE which was recorded in all the treatment in residential garden between 0.83% to 0.00%.The treatment in NFE from upland has the highest (65.7%),while that of lowland is(61.3%).The highest content of ash was recorded in the treatment from residential garden (14.2%),while that of upland is the lowest (9.8%).From the antinutritional compound evaluated, Tannin has the highest value which vary between 14.8- 13.9g/100g.Saponin vary between 2.48-2.08g/100g.Alkaloid vary between 2.09-`.30g/100g.Oxalate vary between 1.38-1.16g/100g, Phenol vary between 0.85-0.74g/100g. From this chemical analysis, it was discovered that both sample contain high content of starch with good amount of CP and ash content. From the research, it shows that moringa oleifera is a good source of nutrient and therefore, moringa oleifera could be used as feed supplement for poultry lives stock production. And also the anti nutritional analysis has also reveal that moringa oleifera is very high in Tannin but low in phenol. Keywords: Anti-nutritional compound, Fadama (Lowland) farms Moringa Oleifera, nutrient, residential gardens, upland farms
Nutrient contents and mineral composition of Moringa oleifera Seed
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2017
Moringa oleifera Seeds were processed and analysed for its Proximate and Mineral Constituents with a view to evaluate its nutritional potentials using standard analytical procedures. The proximate analysis revealed; the Moisture Content; 5.95 1.01mg/100g, Ash Content; 3.38 8.00 mg/100g, Crude Fat; 43.60 5.00 mg/100g, Crude fibre; 17.60 2.00 mg/100g, crude protein; 43.71 1.64 mg/100g while Nitrogen free extract is 3.36 3.42 mg/100g. The following values were obtained as the mineral contents of the Seed; Ca; 1.55mg/100g, Mg; 5.36mg/100g, Fe; 0.97mg/100g, Mn; 0.60mg/100g, Cu; 0.40mg/100g, Cr; 0.05mg/100g. Pb and Cd were also present in the Proportions of 0.04mg/100g, 0.04mg/100g respectively. The results obtained indicated that Moringa oleifera Seeds are of good dietary benefits to man and animal
Nutritional characterization of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves
African Journal of biotechnology, 2011
Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam. moringaceae) is a highly valued plant that is mostly cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. It is used for food, medication and industrial purposes. The objective of the study was to assess the nutritional value of Moringa leaves of the South African ecotype. Proximate and Van Soest methods were used to determine the nutritional value of Moringa leaves. The dried leaves had crude protein levels of 30.3% and 19 amino acids. The dried leaves had the following mineral contents: calcium (3.65%), phoshorus (0.3%), magnesium (0.5%), potassium (1.5%), sodium (0.164%), sulphur (0.63%), zinc (13.03 mg/kg), copper (8.25%), manganese (86.8 mg/kg), iron (490 mg/kg) and selenium (363 mg/kg). 17 fatty acids were observed with α-Linolenic acid (44.57%) having the highest value followed by heneicosanoic (14.41%), g-linolenic (0.20%) palmiteic (0.17%) and capric acid (0.07%). Vitamin E had the highest concentration of 77 mg/100 g than beta-carotene, which had 18.5 mg/100 g in the dried leaves. The fiber content was neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (11.4%), acid detergent fibre (ADF) (8.49%), acid detergent lignin (ADL) (1.8%) and (acid detergent cellulose (ADC) (4.01%). The condensed tannins had a value of 3.2%, while total polyphenols were 2.02%. The values of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamin profiles reflect a desirable nutritional balance. Key words: South African, supplemental food, nutritional value, Moringa oleifera.
Nutritional Quality of Edible Parts of Moringa oleifera
Food Analytical Methods, 2010
This study was carried out in order to compare the biochemical characteristics from three edible parts of the multipurpose tree Moringa oleifera such as the leaves, flowers, and immature pods. On average, the three most abundant amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid. The fatty acids present at the highest content were linolenic acid (C18:3ω3), palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2ω6), and oleic acid (C18:1ω9). The chemical composition (of dry weight) ranged from 19.34% to 22.42% for protein, 1.28% to 4.96% for lipids, 7.62% to 14.60% for ash, and 30.97% to 46.78% for dietary fiber. M. oleifera is a nonconventional plant with substantial nutritional value.