Envisioning the political ecology of mitigation in a microelectronic disaster setting. By Peter C. Little. Pp 217-237. (original) (raw)
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Un cadre de l'écologie politique de la connaissance, comme nous proposons, permettrait de tenir compte simultanément de la manière dont les contextes sociétaux influencent la production de connaissances scientifiques et de la manière dont ces connaissances peut être mieux appliqués pour protéger la santé des communautés face à l'injustice environnementale. La ecología política desafía a las ecologías apolíticas y ahistóricas que se sitúan con frecuencia en los postulados científicos de la naturaleza y el medio ambiente, y se ha centrado cada vez más en cómo se construye socialmente el conocimiento científico. En este artículo abogamos por un compromiso de la ecología política con el influyente movimiento ."conocimiento para la acción" (KTA por sus siglas en inglés) en la ciencia sobre la salud y el medio ambiente. Presentamos el KTA usando los resultados de una encuesta realizada en el ámbito de una colaboración Canadá-América Latina y el Caribe de "enfoques ecosistémicos en salud" (ecosalud) y, a continuación, dirigimos nuestra atención sobre un proyecto ilustrativo de ecosalud que trata sobre los efectos en la salud y el ambiente por la minería del oro a pequeña escala en el suroeste de Ecuador. Empleamos un marco analítico de la ecología del conocimiento para integrar las percepciones derivadas de los estudios de ciencia y de tecnología, ilustrando los agentes que interactúan, los artefactos materiales y las instituciones y discursos involucrados no solo en la generación, sino también en la aplicación de la ciencia salud-ambiente. Los orígenes de la investigación en ecosalud en las Américas reflejan la Journal of Political Ecology Vol. 24, 2017 694 interacción de factores epistemológicos y políticos como sofisticados y complejos análisis sistémicos de las interacciones salud-ambiente ocurridas en medio de la creciente neoliberalización de la producción del conocimiento. Al mismo tiempo, agentes empresariales, tales como grandes empresas mineras, influyeron tanto en la alteración de las condiciones ambientales perjudiciales para la salud en las Américas como en la forma en que los impactos se estudiaron. Este análisis motiva nuestra defensa específica de la aplicación de las ecologías políticas del conocimiento salud-ambiente en aquellos casos en los cuales dinámicas de poder no equitativas y agentes no humanos son colocados en primer plano en los estudios de la producción social y en la aplicación de la ciencia. El marco de la ecología política del conocimiento que proponemos permite considerar simultáneamente cómo los contextos sociales influyen sobre la producción del conocimiento científico, y cómo el conocimiento resultante se puede aplicar de mejor manera para proteger la salud de las comunidades que enfrentan la injusticia ambiental. A ecologia política desafia às ecologias apolíticas e ahistóricas que se situam frequentemente nos postulados científicos da natureza e do meio ambiente, e tem-se centrado cada vez mais em como o conhecimento científico é socialmente construído. Neste artigo defendemos o compromisso da ecologia política com o influente movimento ."conhecimento para a ação" (KTA, pelas suas siglas em inglês) na ciência sobre a saúde e o meio ambiente. Apresentamos o KTA usando os resultados de uma enquete realizada no âmbito de uma colaboração Canadá-América Latina e Caribe de ."enfoques ecossistêmicos em saúde" (ecosaúde) e, em seguida, colocamos nossa atenção em um projeto ilustrativo de ecosaúde que trata dos efeitos na saúde da mineração de ouro em pequena escala no sudeste do Equador. Usamos um marco analítico de ecologia do conhecimento para integrar as percepções que provém dos estudos de ciência e de tecnologia, ilustrando os agentes que interagem, os artefatos materiais e as instituições e discursos envolvidos não só na geração, senão também na aplicação da ciência saúde-ambiente. As origens da pesquisa em ecosaúde nas Américas refletem as interações de fatores epistemológicos e políticos como sofisticados e complexos análises sistémicos das interações saúde-ambiente que aconteceram no meio da crescente neoliberalização da produção do conhecimento. Ao mesmo tempo, agentes empresarias, tais como grandes empresas mineradoras, influíram tanto na alteração das condições ambientais prejudiciais para a saúde nas Américas quanto na forma em que os impactos se estudaram. Esta análise motiva nossa defesa específica da aplicação das ecologias politicas do conhecimento saúde-ambiente naqueles casos nos quais dinâmicas de poder não equitativas e agentes não humanos são colocados no primeiro plano nos estudos sobre a produção social e a aplicação da ciência. O marco da ecologia política do conhecimento permite considerar simultaneamente como os contextos sociais influenciam a produção do conhecimento científico, e como o conhecimento resultante pode ser melhor utilizado para proteger a saúde das comunidades que enfrentam a injustiça ambiental.