Environmental Epidemiology of Pediatric Asthma and Allergy (original) (raw)
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Allergic and environmental causes of asthma in children
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Estimates show that asthma is highly prevalent across the different communities, and recent reports showed that by 2015, 300 million patients will be affected by asthma, and projections show that additional 100 million individuals will furtherly be affected by 2025. Many factors can attribute to the development of asthma, including genetic, environmental, and allergic causes. They have essential roles in the pathogenesis and development of the condition. Exposure to the different environmental factors has been an area of research for a long time to identify the potential factors that can cause sensitization and asthma development, especially among children that are more exposed to these factors because of their physical structure and daily outdoor activities. In the present literature review, we aim to provide a thorough discussion about the allergic and environmental causes of asthma in children. Our evidence indicates that exposure to different environmental factors including ind...
Effects of environment on atopic status and respiratory disorders in children
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1993
We investigated whether living in areas with higher air pollution levels increases the prevalence of positive skin reactivity in children and the possible synergic effect of air pollution exposure and atopy on respiratory disorders. This cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area, in an industrialized area, and in a rural control area in the Latium region of Italy. A total of 2226 subjects, aged 7 to 11 years, were studied. The prevalence of children with positive skin test results did not vary significantly over the areas (urban area = 21.0%, industrialized area = 22.0%, rural area = 20.2%). Children living in polluted areas experienced significantly more cough and phlegm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5), rhinitis (OR = 1.7), pneumonia (OR = 1.7), and early respiratory infections (OR = 1.4) than control subjects. The pattern of the odds ratios for atopy and air pollution suggested that the two factors were probably additive in affecting asthma and early respiratory infections (synergy index [SI] = 1.04 and 1.27, respectively), whereas they seemed to act synergically in regard to cough and phlegm (SI = 1.59), rhinitis (SI = 3.01), and pneumonia (SI = 2.75). Environmental air pollution seems not to increase the prevalence of atopic status; it seems, however, to enhance the development of clinical symptoms among already sensitized subjects.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2004
Exposure to environmental factors and relationship to allergic rhinitis and/or asthma
Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM, 2014
Studies analyzing risk factors, multiple indoor and outdoor factors related to asthma and/or allergic rhinitis (AR) in childhood, are very rare. The presented study was carried out to simultaneously assess host-related, indoor and particulate matter exposure with current allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or asthma in children (6-7 years) and adolescents (13-14 years). The method was a cross-sectional population-based study in which participants were diagnosed by means of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire. Exposure to indoor risk factors were verified in 1,302 individuals, in which the prevalence of AR, asthma and AR-asthma comorbidity were 37.3%, 28.4%, and 16%, for children and 31.5%, 16.2%, and 10.5% for adolescents, respectively. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with current asthma (OR=1.5), second-hand smoking with AR-asthma comorbidity (OR=1.4) and visible mold on the walls with current AR, asthma, and AR-asthma comorbidi...