Identifying symmetry in running gait using a single inertial sensor (original) (raw)
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2017
The purpose of this study was to compare the center of mass and pelvis movement measured by the inertia sensor, motion capture, and ground reaction force during running. Linear movements of the center of mass and pelvis rotation were measured by motion capture system and the inertia sensor mounted on sacrum for thirteen distance runners. Vertical movement of the sensor was well coincident with the center of mass but lateral and forward/backward movements were overestimated by the sensor. The forward tilt, tangular displacement and velocity of pelvis in a running cycle were almost same in the values by motion capture and sensor with some variances by the mounted position. It would be suggested that the inertia sensor is useful to evaluate the distance running motion with filtering and modification of offset and parameter relationship for individual.
The use of a single inertial sensor to identify stride, step, and stance durations of running gait
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2010
Current developments in inertial sensor technology could enable the measurement of running gait outside of the traditional laboratory environment. The purpose of this research was to determine the level of agreement between an inertial sensor and infrared camera based estimates of stride, step, and stance durations across a range of running speeds. An inertial sensor was placed on the sacrum of 10 elite national standard runners, and the stride, step, and stance of running gait were compared. A total of 504 samples were collected and the running velocities stratified into three equal groups of low (10-12 km/h), medium (13-15 km/h), and high (16-19 km/h). A single inertial sensor was found to be suitable for identifying stride duration with Bland-Altman limits of agreement of 95%. The stride data showed agreement at less than 0.02 s for most limits. Agreement for step showed five of the eight upper and lower limits below 0.02 s. The largest differences between both capture methods were for stance. An average bias of 0.0008 s was found and standard error ranged between 0.0004 s and 0.0009 s across all variables. The results from this research found that inertial sensors are suitable to measure stride, step, and stance duration, and provide the opportunity to measure running gait outside of the traditional laboratory.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2019
The ability to detect and quantify change-of-direction (COD) movement may offer a unique approach to load-monitoring practice. Validity and reliability of a novel algorithm to calculate COD angles for predetermined COD movements ranging from 45 to 180 in left and right directions was assessed. Five recreationally active men (age: 29.0 +- 0.5 years; height: 181.0 +- 5.6 cm; and body mass: 79.4 6 5.3 kg) ran 5 consecutive predetermined COD trials each, at 4 different angles (45, 90, 135, and 1808), in each direction. Participants were fitted with a commercially available microtechnology unit where inertial sensor data were extracted and processed using a novel algorithm designed to calculate precise COD angles for direct comparison with a high-speed video (remotely piloted, position-locked aircraft) criterion measure. Validity was assessed using Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement and mean bias. Reliability was assessed using typical error (expressed as a coefficient of variation [CV]). Concurrent validity was present for most angles. Left: (45 = 43.8 +- 2.0; 90 = 88.1 +- 2.0; 135 = 136.3 +- 2.1; and 180 = 181.8 +- 2.5) and Right: (45 = 46.3 +- 1.6; 90 = 91.9 +- 2.2; 135 = 133.4 +- 2.0; 180 = 179.2 +- 5.9). All angles displayed excellent reliability (CV < 5%) while greater mean bias (3.6 +- 5.1, p < 0.001), weaker limits of agreement, and reduced precision were evident for 1808 trials when compared with all other angles. High-level accuracy and reliability when detecting COD angles further advocates the use of inertial sensors to quantify sports-specific movement patterns.
Assessment of Gait Symmetry and Gait Normality Using Inertial Sensors: In-Lab and In-Situ Evaluation
Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2013
Quantitative gait analysis is a powerful tool for the assessment of a number of physical and cognitive conditions. Unfortunately, the costs involved in providing in-lab 3D kinematic analysis to all patients is prohibitive. Inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes may complement in-lab analysis by providing cheaper gait analysis systems that can be deployed anywhere. The present study investigates the use of inertial sensors to quantify gait symmetry and gait normality. The system was evaluated in-lab, against 3D kinematic measurements; and also in-situ, against clinical assessments of hip-replacement patients. Results show that the system not only correlates well with kinematic measurements but it also corroborates various quantitative and qualitative measures of recovery and health status of hip-replacement patients.
Symmetry and Reproducibility of Kinematic Parameters during Various Running Techniques
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003
Purpose: This study examined the validity of the assumption of lower-extremity kinematic parameter reproducibility and symmetry during running with different velocities and stride frequencies. Methods: Each of 12 female long-distance runners ran on a treadmill in combinations of three different velocities (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 m·s Ϫ1 ) and three different stride frequencies (preferred and Ϯ 10% from preferred). The left and right sides of the athletes were filmed using video cameras placed orthogonally to the sagittal plane. A total number of three step cycles for each running condition were recorded (250 Hz). For each side of the body, 19 sagittal kinematic parameters from the lower extremity were evaluated. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for both legs were high (generally Ͼ 0.80). Only the angular velocity parameters demonstrated correlation values below 0.70. The symmetry index for the linear and angular displacement parameters and the contact times during all running techniques were less than 8%, whereas those for the angular velocity parameters and flight times were higher than 15%. Conclusion: The present results suggested that the degree of reproducibility and symmetry of kinematic data do not vary with a deliberate change in running technique but rather depend on the parameter itself. With respect to the economy of data analysis, the present findings indicate that recording a single monolateral trial would provide reproducible and symmetric values for most kinematic parameters.
The aim of this study was to define a methodology able to analyse the foot motion using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) integrated in the midsole of the running shoe. Nineteen subjects performed two tests: an incremental running test in order to determine their individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and, 2-7 days later, a constant-speed test according to their speed at IAT. The foot motion at the sagittal plane was analysed using Functional Data Analysis (FDA) techniques. This methodology enables to determine the variations in the runners´ steps comparing two fatigue states.
Assessment of walking, running, and jumping movement features by using the inertial measurement unit
Gait & posture, 2015
To observe various modes of lower limb locomotion, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) was used. Digital signals were used to identify signal characteristics that help to distinguish among locomotion modes and intensity levels. A wireless IMU was installed on the outside of shoes and three forms of locomotion (walking, running, and jumping) were assessed at two intensity levels (low and high) to observe the acceleration, foot angular velocity variations, and characteristics of the curve variations in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superior-inferior directions. Most interactions between intensity and locomotion were statistically significant, except for the acceleration in the anteroposterior direction and on the horizontal plane. In addition, as the intensity increased, the values of all the parameters increased. Thus, both the acceleration values and range of angular velocity variation can be used to distinguish the intensity levels. Moreover, the results indicated that the ...
Gait asymmetry: Composite scores for mechanical analyses of sprint running
Journal of Biomechanics, 2012
Gait asymmetry analyses are beneficial from clinical, coaching and technology perspectives. Quantifying overall athlete asymmetry would be useful in allowing comparisons between participants, or between asymmetry and other factors, such as sprint running performance. The aim of this study was to develop composite kinematic and kinetic asymmetry scores to quantify athlete asymmetry during maximal speed sprint running. Eight male sprint trained athletes (age 227 5 years, mass 74.0 78.7 kg and stature 1.79 7 0.07 m) participated in this study. Synchronised sagittal plane kinematic and kinetic data were collected via a CODA motion analysis system, synchronised to two Kistler force plates. Bilateral, lower limb data were collected during the maximal velocity phase of sprint running (velocity ¼9.057 0.37 m s À 1). Kinematic and kinetic composite asymmetry scores were developed using the previously established symmetry angle for discrete variables associated with successful sprint performance and comparisons of continuous joint power data. Unlike previous studies quantifying gait asymmetry, the scores incorporated intra-limb variability by excluding variables from the composite scores that did not display significantly larger (p o0.05) asymmetry than intra-limb variability. The variables that contributed to the composite scores and the magnitude of asymmetry observed for each measure varied on an individual participant basis. The new composite scores indicated the interparticipant differences that exist in asymmetry during sprint running and may serve to allow comparisons between overall athlete asymmetry with other important factors such as performance.
Asymmetry Indices in Female Runners as Predictors of Running Velocity
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
Introduction. This paper aimed to establish relationships between the level of functional and dynamic asymmetry in advanced and intermediate-level runners and running velocity. Furthermore, evaluation of dynamic symmetry (running and vertical jump) was made using indices, taking into account the continuous character of the signals of the ground reaction force and angular positions in individual joints of the lower limb. Material and methods. Symmetry was assessed in a group of 12 Polish elite female middle-distance runners for the following parameters: 1) strength of lower limb muscles, 2) impulse of the vertical component of the ground reaction force during a CMJ jump, and 3) kinematics of a 50-m run in a straight line. Results. More advanced athletes (group A) were significantly taller and stronger than the athletes with less training experience (B). They were also characterized by a significantly longer step, a more extended swing phase, and a shorter support phase. There were no...