Influence of temperature and salinity on the yellowleg shrimp, Penaeus californiensis Holmes, prophenoloxidase system (original) (raw)
Related papers
1998
The effects of salinity and temperature on plasma protein concentration and total haemocytic prophenoloxidase (proPO) were determined. Groups of 10 juvenile yellowleg shrimp, Penaeus californiensis Holmes, were acclimated for 20 days at different salinities (28‰, 32‰, 36‰, 40‰ and 44‰ at 25°C) or temperatures (18, 22, 25, 28 and 32°C at 36‰). While total protein levels were not affected, the quantities of proPO increased as salinity was elevated. Temperature affected both haemolymph parameters, showing a significant decrease in proPO at 32°C, and an increase of protein at 28 and 32°C. These results may help to explain the elevated disease susceptibility of shrimp at higher salinities and/or temperatures.
Iranian Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 2020
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity levels (40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5‰) on haemolymph parameters and survival of adult shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimps were distributed in fiberglass tanks containing water with 40‰ salinity then salinity was gradually declined during 7 days at rate of 5‰ a day by adding clean fresh water. Haemolymph of three shrimps was daily sampled from each treatment in triplicates. The haemolymph parameters including total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP), differential haemocyte count (DHC) were measured. Significant differences were found between treatments in terms of THC values (p<0.05). The highest THC were observed in shrimps exposed to salinities of 25 and 5‰ (p>0.05) versus the lowest THC was measured in 35‰ one.
Studies on Salinity Stress on the Biochemical Composition of Tissues in Shrimp Penaeus Monodon
The environment can have a significant impact on shrimp Penaeus monodon health, growth and production. While change in salinity that affects the shrimp health. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the salinity stress 15 ppt (control), 5, 25, 35 and 45 ppt (experimental), which induced changes in biochemical constituents of muscle, gill and hepatopancreas of P. monodon during 60 min. interval. The protein content of muscle and gill was gradually increased at 5 to 45 ppt, whereas hepatopancreas protein showed high at 25 ppt and low at 5, 35 and 45 ppt when compared to control. The carbohydrate content of muscle, gill and hepatopancreas showed more at 5 to 35 ppt and low at 45 ppt salinity. The trend noticed for the variation in lipid content of muscle and gill of P. monodon at 5 ppt to 45 ppt showed a steady increasing trend. The hepatopancreas lipid content showed fluctuation in all the experimental groups (5 to 45 ppt) and was more when compared with control (15 ppt).
The Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus, was subjected to environmental stresses like high (9) and low (5.5) water pH and decreasing water salinity (34 ‰ to 18 ‰) for a period of one week and certain vital immunological functions like total hemocyte count, total hemolymph protein and phenoloxidase activity were analysed to understand the effect of the environmental stress factors on these functions. The results indicated that while stress induced by change in the salinity had no damaging effects on the immune functions, stress caused by lower water pH induced more immunological damage when compared to higher water pH. Significantly decreased total hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity were observed in shrimps exposed to lower pH when compared to shrimps exposed to higher pH and control shrimps. Also, lower pH significantly reduced the hemolymph protein values. It is therefore concluded that Fenneropenaeus indicus that are exposed to extreme pH show lowered immunological activity which would render the shrimp susceptible to infectious agents.
The prophenoloxidase activating system of the shrimp Penaeus paulensis and associated factors
Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 1997
q Abstract-In the present study we investigated the prop0 activating system of the penaeid Penaeus paulensis, focusing on its role in the shrimp immune system. The great majority of PO activity (more than 90%) was found in the shrimp hemocytes. The enzyme activity was greatly enhanced by components of microorganism cell walls, such as LPS and f&1,3-glucans, suggesting its involvement in non-self recognition.
Activation of the prophenoloxidase system of the brown shrimp Penaeus californiensis Holmes)
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology, 1996
The prophenoloxidase (proP0) system of the brown shrimp (Penaeus californiemis) was activated using different preparations and inductors. In shrimp, this system is confined inside the hemocytes and can be obtained by lysing or centrifuging the cells. In both cases, the shrimp prop0 system showed a high spontaneous activation because the prop0 activating enzyme was also released. In addition, the shrimp prop0 system could be activated by laminarin, but not by bacterial LPS. Although SDS and other chemicals are also capable of activating shrimp proP0, this activation proceeds in different way since it can not be inhibited by proteinase inhibitors. COMP BIOCHEM PHYSIOL 11X,
Aquaculture, 2010
The effect of salinity on survival, growth, food consumption and haemolymph osmolality was determined for the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus subtilis in a series of independent experiments. The first experiment, shrimp at PL 50 were transferred without salinity acclimation from 30‰ to the salinities of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35‰ for 96 h. The tolerance of shrimp to abrupt changes in salinity (96 h LS 50 ) was estimated. The second experiment, growth and survival of shrimp were analyzed during 75 days in the treatments corresponding to the salinities of 5, 15, 25 and 35‰, where the food consumption was measured during four consecutive days. Finally, haemolymph osmolality of juveniles (1.23 g ± 0.26) maintained at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 45‰ for 24 h was evaluated. All PL 50 transferred from 30‰ to 0‰ died within 24 h, while survival after 96 h of those transferred to 5 and 10‰ was 96.6 and 86.6%, respectively. PL 50 transferred to salinities higher than 15‰ presented no mortality during the test. Based on these results, the lethal salinity (96 h LS 50 ) was estimated at 12‰. Final weight of shrimp reared at 25‰ was significantly higher than the other treatments, except for treatment 35‰, which did not differ from shrimp reared in salinity 15‰. Shrimp reared at 5‰ had the lowest weight. Survival of shrimp varied from 48% (15‰) to 65% (35‰), showing higher values at 25 and 35‰, but not differing significantly from 5‰. Shrimp reared at 25 and 35‰ had the highest food consumption values. The isosmotic point estimated from a regression between haemolymph and water osmolality was 377.07 mosM kg − 1 , which is equivalent to salinity 14‰. Results indicate that F. subtilis presents higher growth in salinities higher than its isosmotic point, i.e., at salinities above 25‰.
Exposure to thermal stress was shown to have a significant effect on the osmotic pressure of the hemolymph, glucose levels, total count of hemocyte (TCH), and proPO activity in adult white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Exposure of the shrimp to CTMax significantly increased the osmotic pressure of the hemolymph relative to the control group. In organisms reaching CTMax, temperature elicited a secondary stress response that included an increase in hemolymph glucose of 31 mg mL−1. Metabolites in hemolymph such as cholesterol, acylglycerides, and total protein were not significantly affected by exposure to CTMax. CTMax exposure affected several immunological parameters causing decreases in TCH and proPO activity. We suggested that biomarkers such as osmolality, glucose levels, TCH, and proPO activity could be used as sensitive predictors of exposure to CTMax in white shrimp.
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 2017
Effect of stocking density to assess phagocytic activity changes of white shrimp has been carried out. White shrimp reared at a salinity of 25 ‰ with five levels of density that is 150, 250, 350, 450, and 550 shrimps/m 3 , with three replications. Phagocytic activity of hemocytes cells was analyzed at time 0, 24, 48, 96, and 144 hours after exposure to different density. The phagocytic activity data were analyzed by repeated measurement analysis of variance at the 5% significance level. Phagocytic of the density of 150, 250, and 350 shrimps/m 3 showed significant difference with a density of 450 and 550 shrimps/m 3 . Phagocytic activity decreased fastest occur at the level densities of 450 and 550 shrimps/m 3 which is at the 24 hours after the treatment and recovery of the 144 hours, while the level of density of 350 shrimps/m 3 decreased activity at 96 hours after the treatment, and the level of density of 150 and 250 shrimps/m 3 relatively stable. These findings indicate that in...