Comparison of three different sit and reach tests for measurement of hamstring flexibility in female university students (original) (raw)
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Concurrent Validity of Four Clinical Tests Used to Measure Hamstring Flexibility
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2008
The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of 4 clinical tests used to measure hamstring muscle length. A pilot study (N = 10) was conducted to determine the intratester reliability of 4 hamstring length measures: knee extension angle (KEA), sacral angle (SA), straight leg raise (SLR), and sit and reach (SR). The pilot investigation revealed good to excellent intratester reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92-0.95) for each of the 4 tests. Eighty-one subjects (42 men and 39 women) participated in the main investigation. Subjects were randomly tested for each of 4 assessments of hamstring length. Concurrent validity was determined using linear regression, correlation, and k statistics. Correlation coefficients corresponding to the concurrent validity of the six combinations of the 4 clinical tests revealed poor to fair correlation (r = 0.45-0.65). The correlation coefficients for each pair from greatest to least were SR-SA= 0.65, SLR-SR = 0.65, KEA-SLR = 0.63, KEA-SR = 0.57, SLR-SA = 0.50, and KEA-SA = 0.45. Despite the common clinical use of these measures to assess hamstring length, these tests do not have sufficient concurrent validity to be used interchangeably or to assume that they each measure the same construct (hamstring length). Based on the results of this investigation and a review of the literature, the authors recommend that researchers, clinicians, and strength and conditioning specialists adopt the KEA test as the gold standard measure for hamstring muscle length.
Journal of Musculoskeletal …, 2012
Purpose: Dearth of population-specific reference values is a limitation in the assessment of lower back and hamstrings flexibility. This study sought to establish a gender and age normative data for lower back and hamstrings flexibility in healthy Nigerians using the modified sit-and-reach test. Methods: This study involved 4000 (1988 males and 2012 females) participants recruited using multistage sampling technique. The participants' whose ages ranged between 5 and 61 years were grouped into 12 age strata. The Acuflex-1 tester (modified sit-and-reach box) was used to assess lower back and hamstring flexibility following standardized procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation, percentiles. Results: The mean of the modified sit-and-reach test scores (MSRTS) differed significantly between the sexes ( p ¼ 0:001). MSRTS increased with age up to age of 15À19 years for male, and 30À39 years for female. There were age and gender variations in the percentile normative values of MSRTS for each of the 16 age categories. Conclusion: This study established a population-specific normative data according to age and gender for lower back and hamstrings flexibility using the modified sit-and-reach test for healthy Nigerians. In general, females had better lower back and hamstrings flexibility than males.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Background: The hamstring group is an example of muscles which is commonly found to be shortened. Hamstring tightness is caused by extended or prolonged sitting at work places and educational institutions, inadequate physical activity, genetic predisposition, previous injury to hamstring. Objectives: To assess the hamstring flexibility in college students along with their sitting hours and physical activity. Material & Methods: 150 students of college of physiotherapy were included via convenient sampling in the study. Popliteal angle was measured using active knee extension test (AKE). All students’ sitting hours and physical activity were noted. Results: In this study, mean values of popliteal Angle was higher than 20 degree. There was a significant difference correlation between popliteal angle and sitting hours as well as physical activity (p value <0.05). Conclusion: This study showed tightness of hamstring in college students. There is a significant increase in tightness wi...
Purpose: To find and compare the effectiveness of standing and supine hamstrings stretching techniques in increasing hamstring flexibility. Methods: A Total of 25 subjects were selected for the study from girl’s hostel at NIMS University by random sampling. The design used was experimental design. A plastic hand held full circle goniometer was used to measure the hamstring flexibility. Crossbar was used to maintain hip in 90 degree flexion during active knee extension test.A stop watch was used for the time management. Results: The change in Pre stretching and Post stretching values of knee extension ramge of motion(in degrees) was 9.77+5.54 in right and 9.66+4.35 .The comparison of post stretching mean range of motion was 145.27 while standing and 143.61 while in supine position. The mean increase range of motion by standing ans supine hamstring stretching technique were 9.77 on standing and 9.66 while in supine position. Conclusion: Improvement in the knee extension range of motion as calculated were approximately equal. The “t” value calculated was 0.11, which was not significant at any level. Thus, standing hamstring and supine hamstring stretching techniques are equally effective in improving hamstring flexibility.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2017
The aim of this study is investigation of acute effect of circuit aerobic exercise and traditional aerobic exercise on hamstring muscle flexibility in sedentary women. Forty four sedentary women voluntarily participated in this study as subject. Subjects divided two groups as circuit aerobic training group (n=24), and traditional aerobic training group (n=20). For hamstring flexibility, modified sit and reach test was used. The test was applied three times as: before warm-up (T1), after immediately warm-up (T2), and after immediately exercise (T3). For warm-up intervention, 15 min mild running and static stretching were performed. Traditional aerobic exercise intervention consisted of 30 min moderate interval treadmill running. Circuit aerobic exercise intervention consisted of 30 min, 3x4 station (bench-step, jumping rope, cycling, treadmill running), and all station maintained to 3 min load with 2 min rest. Both training intervention performed at 65-75% HRmax that controlled with chest band. For statistical analysis, 2x3 mixed factor ANOVA and Bonferroni correction were used. Hamstring flexibility determined in the traditional aerobic exercise group as T1 by 13.90±4.22 cm, T2 by 19.90±4.55 cm, T3 by 29.45±6.54 cm; in the circuit aerobic exercise group as T1 by 21.20±6.89 cm, T2 by 24.08±6.67 cm, T3 by 25.62±6.67 cm. Differences between the three measurements of both groups were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between T3 and T1-T2; and between T2 and T1 in both groups (p < 0.05). Differences in traditional aerobic exercise group were found more significant Yağmur Özer, Özlem Bozdal, Zarife Pancar ACUTE EFFECT OF CIRCUIT AEROBIC AND TRADITIONAL AEROBIC TRAINING ON HAMSTRING FLEXIBILITY IN SEDENTARY WOMEN
Aim: To compare the effect of Mulligan's traction straight leg raise (TSLR) and dynamic soft tissue mobilization technique (DSTM) on hamstring flexibility among the healthy young adults. Methods: Forty healthy young adults aged between 18 and 30 years were recruited by purposive sampling technique for the experimental study. They were allocated into two groups by block randomisation. Subjects in the group 1 received TSLR technique and group 2 was provided with DSTM. Passive SLR and Active Knee Extension was measured in pre and post intervention using standard 360 o goniometer. Measurements are taken on 1 st day (before and after intervention) and end of 3 rd session. Each session was carried out every alternate day. Mean difference in both groups at the end of 3 rd session were noted for analysis. Data analysis: Descriptive statistics were reported as mean (Standard deviation) and range. Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to report significance difference within and between groups. For all the analysis, the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Result: Mean difference in Group 1 (TSLR), Passive SLR ROM is 28.25° and AKE ROM is 30.5° while in Group 2 (DYSM), Passive SLR is 20.45° and AKE ROM is 25.05° which are significant at difference at p<0.001 Conclusion: TSLR group is more effective than DYSM group in increasing hamstring flexibility among healthy young adults.
2020
Background and Objective: Hamstring muscle plays an important role in functional activities and relaxation. Shortened muscle may hampers the functional activities. The most widely used method for increasing muscle flexibility is stretching. The Study was design to determine and compare the effect of static stretching (SS) or PNF Hold-Relax stretching technique on improving hamstring muscle flexibility on sedentary living female population aged between 18 and 25 years. Materials and Methods: The Study id Randomized controlled trial in which 30 females of aged between 18 and 25 years living sedentary lifestyle were included with marked tightened hamstring muscles with knee extension range >20 degrees were randomly categorized into two groups named as Group 1 static stretching; (n=15), Group 2 PNF Hold-Relax stretching (n=15). Both groups were tested for 5 days a week for consecutive 4 weeks. Active knee Extension test (AKET)was used to assess the motion range of knee extension as a...
Comparison of Hamstring Flexibility in Indoor Sports and Outdoor Sports Among Collegiate Students
Background: Muscle tightness can indeed be associated with a decrease in the ability of a muscle to deform, leading to a reduced range of motion at the associated joint. Hamstring tightness leads to hamstring injuries and its most common type of injury. The sit and reach (SR) test is used to measure hamstring flexibility. Purpose And Context: The purpose of this study to compare hamstring flexibility in indoor sports and outdoor sports among collegiate students. Methodology: This study consisted 50 individuals enrolled, out of which 25 were indoor sports and 25 were outdoor sports students & sit and reach test is performed to check hamstring flexibility. Result: The mean scores of the sit and reach test among indoor and outdoor sports players are 8.6 and 5.3, respectively. Conclusion: The study concludes that outdoor sports students has more hamstrings flexibility then the indoor sports students.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2010
Ylinen, JJ, Kautiainen, HJ, and Hä kkinen, AH. Comparison of active, manual, and instrumental straight leg raise in measuring hamstring extensibility. J Strength Cond Res 24(4): 972-977, 2010-The active manual straight leg raise (ASLR) and passive manual straight leg raise (MSLR) tests are commonly used in clinical settings to assess hamstring tightness. However, to our knowledge, the validity and sensitivity of these tests have not been compared with the instrumental straight leg raise (ISLR). The aim of the present study was to assess the intrarater reproducibility of the ISLR and compare the sensitivity of the ASLR, MSLR, and ISLR to change. Twelve men with hamstring tightness underwent the ASLR, MSLR, and ISLR tests at baseline and after a 4-week home-based right leg stretching program with the left leg serving as a control. The ISLR measurements were repeated consecutively at baseline to assess reproducibility. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the ISLR was 0.94, and the coefficient of reproducibility was 6. Significant differences in the range of motion emerged between all testing methods (p , 0.05). In the stretched legs, the mean 6 SD increases were 17 6 5°for ISLR, 10 6 8°for ASLR, and 6 6 5°for MSLR, whereas the control legs showed a significant mean change only for ASLR (5 6 4°). The mean standard response with the ASLR and MSLR tests did not differentiate between the treated and control legs, but it was almost 10-fold higher in the treated leg than the control leg for the ISLR, clearly differentiating between them. The ISLR had good reproducibility and sensitivity to changes, whereas ASLR and MSLR showed a poor ability to detect changes. Thus, the ISLR test is recommended for use in research evaluating the effectiveness of stretching.