An integrated model of residential and employment location in a metropolitan region (original) (raw)
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Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1986
This paper describes a disaggregate behavioural model system developed for forecasting industrial locations. It is structured basically in terms of a nested logit model, covering relocation decisions, area-wide locational choices and local locational choices together with shipment destination choices. Several techniques are developed to overcome the difficulties in the application of discrete choice models to spatial problems. The model system was calibrated for the Nagoya metropolitan area in Japan and its validity was tested using another data set. It allows analysis of the effects of transport and land use policies not only by zone but also by firms of different attributes such as sector and capital size.
Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 1999
We present a reformulation of the residential location submodel of the Integrated Model of Residential and Employment Location as a network equilibrium problem, thereby making travel costs by auto endogenous. The location of housing supply is examined as a welfare maximization problem for both useroptimal and system-optimal travel costs using concepts of bilevel programming. Finally, we brie¯y discuss how the employment submodel can be reformulated, and the entire model solved as a variational inequality problem. Ó
Modelling residential location choice in an area with spatial barriers
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A model is presented for residential location choice in rural areas with spatial barriers. We address the problem through comparative static analysis focusing on how residential location choices are a¤ected by a new road link across the spatial barrier. We proceed through a probability theoretical approach: choose a family of utility functions representing every possible location, and equip this family with a probability measure. Then choose a representative within an equivalence class of utility functions, and represent the probability distribution by a parametrized family of distributions. Our analysis demonstrates that investments in new road links do not necessarily represent an adequate instrument for achieving ambitions in regional policy. We identify reasonable situations where a new road link could just as easily generate net migration from the area in which the investments are directed. In general, our analysis demonstrates how agglomeration and centralisation tendencies can be considerably a¤ected by transportation infrastructure innovations.
Land Use Policy, 2018
Download a copy here: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1XP3iyDvM45E4 Residential and job location decisions have lasting impacts on the emergent structure of cities, which in turn, determines travel patterns, energy use and travel-related greenhouse gas emissions. The ability to understand and predict these choice processes are therefore crucial to long-term sustainable urban land use and transport strategies. Understanding housing-job location choice processes requires unpacking the interplay among heterogeneous attributes of decision-makers on the one hand, and various location-defining attributes observable at multiple spatial scales on the other hand. Also, to better understand the interdependence between these location choice sets, empirical examination of how the home and work locations respond to each other over time is necessary. This study responds to these empirical imperatives by exploring residential-job location choice behaviour of households and individuals in a metropolitan context in Ghana, West Africa. The study utilizes data from a cross-sectional survey of 665 households and their 1158 individual workers in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana’s second largest metropolis. Results show variations in preferences among households and individuals for macro-scale location-defining factors as well as discrete spatial choice alternatives specified as urban-zones, dwelling types and tenancy arrangements. Retrospective analysis of the residential-job choice interdependence shows that in most cases, residential location decisions are taken first, implying a sequential choice process where job location decisions are subsequently anchored on the initial home locations. Besides the in-depth empirical contributions, the paper outlines how the findings could ultimately inform the development of planning support systems to integrate location choice into sustainable urban development and transport management policies.
Forecasting the impact of transport improvements on commuting and residential choice
Journal of Geographical Systems, 2006
This paper develops a probabilistic, competing-destinations, assignment model that predicts changes in the spatial pattern of the working population as a result of transport improvements. The choice of residence is explained by a new non-parametric model, which represents an alternative to the popular multinominal logit model. Travel times between zones are approximated by a normal distribution function with different mean and variance for each pair of zones, whereas previous models only use average travel times. The model's forecast error of the spatial distribution of the Dutch working population is 7% when tested on 1998 base-year data. To incorporate endogenous changes in its causal variables, an almost ideal demand system is estimated to explain the choice of transport mode, and a new economic geography inter-industry model (RAEM) is estimated to explain the spatial distribution of employment. In the application, the model is used to forecast the impact of six mutually exclusive Dutch core-periphery railway proposals in the projection year 2020.
MACKCTT, R.L. (1979) Some issues in modelling the impact of changes.in transport costs on residential and employment locations. Leeds: University of Leeds, Inst. Trmsp. Stud., WP 124 This paper is written as part of a project on the effects of increases in rail fares on location and commuting decisions in London and South East England. The main theme of the paper is the relationship between accessibility and locational choice. The various factors determining the choice of residence, and to a lesser extent, job, are discussed, in particular, the importance of accessibility in the process. A wide vssiety of urban locational Kirby, H.R. (1979) Is distance no object? Location behaviour and t h e journey t o work, Technical Note 22, I n s t i t u t e f o r Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds. Kirby, H.R., Mackett, R.L., Nash, C.A. (1979) Location and commutingdescription of a research project designed t o investigate t h e response t o 1 railway f a r e and network changes i n London and the South East, Technical Note 24, I n s t i t u t e f o r Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds.
2011
The paper describes a spatial economic agent-based model (ABM), consistent with the principles of new economic geography (NEG), which allows the discrete-time evolutionary simulation of complex interactions of household and firm location choices. In contrast with the current ABM approaches, it considers a multi-regional (multi-urban) setting to enable a more realistic representation of decisions related to commuting, migration and household and employment location. The model allows simulating spatially differentiated, multi-commodity markets for land and labor in a system of cities and the behavior of profit-maximizing firms with multi-regional asset investment decisions, incorporating endogenous intra- and inter-urban transport costs with congestion effects. It also accounts for the impact of industrial and urban agglomeration forces on location choices and the formation of urban development patterns. Other features include the representation of the actions of central and local gov...
Progress in Planning
There is an extensive literature on relationships between the built environment and travel, but the vast majority of such studies rely solely on statistical analyses of available travel survey data, with limited possibilities for demonstrating causality. This article presents findings from a methodologically novel study drawing on a combination of a tailor-made questionnaire survey and in-depth qualitative interviews, including cross-sectional as well as longitudinal analyses. Our mixed-methods approach offers stronger evidence of causal influences than in most previous studies on the built environment and travel. We illuminate such relationships in two metropolitan areas differing considerably in their size and urban structure: the relatively monocentric Norwegian capital Oslo and the smaller, predominantly polycentric Stavanger area. The study encompasses travel distances and modes for both commuting and intra-metropolitan non-work purposes. The paper thus offers a comparison of the influences of built environment characteristics on travel across metropolitan contexts as well as for different travel purposes.