The risk of coronary heart disease in men with androgenetic alopecia (original) (raw)
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Androgenetic alopecia and risk of coronary artery disease
Indian Dermatology Online Journal, 2013
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) or male pattern baldness (MPB) has been found to be associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The well-known risk factors are family history of CAD, hypertension, increased body mass index (BMI), central obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The newer risk factors are serum lipoprotein-a (SL-a), serum homocysteine (SH), and serum adiponectin (SA). Aim: Identifying individuals at risk of CAD at an early age might help in preventing CAD and save life. Hence, a comparative study of CAD risk factors was planned in 100 males of AGA between the age of 25 and 40 years with equal number of age-and sex-matched controls. Materials and Methods: Patients of AGA grade II or more of Hamilton and Norwood (HN) Scale and controls were examined clinically and advised blood test. The reports were available for fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum total serum cholesterol (SC) in 64 cases, 64 controls; lipoproteins (high, low, very low density, HDL, LDL, VLDL), serum triglycerides (ST) in 63 cases, 63 controls; SL-a in 63 cases, 74 controls; SH in 56 cases, 74 controls; and SA in 62 cases, 74 controls. Results: In these cases family history (FH) of AGA and CAD was significantly high. The blood pressure (BP) was also found to be significantly high in the cases. The difference of mean serum HDL, LDL, VLDL, ST, SH, and SL-a in cases and controls were statistically significant and with increasing grade of AGA, the risk factors also increased. Conclusion: Patients with AGA appear to be at an increased risk of developing CAD, therefore, clinical evaluation of cases with AGA of grade II and above may be of help in preventing CAD in future.
International Journal of Research in Dermatology, 2017
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of patterned hair loss characterized by transformation of terminal hair of the scalp to vellous hair mediated mainly by androgens. Premature androgenetic alopecia can be defined as androgenetic alopecia developing before 35 years of age and presenting with at least stage 2 of Norwood-Hamilton classification. Premature AGA not only adds to psychological stress but is also reported as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and carcinoma prostrate. In many subsequent studies, AGA has been shown to be associated with several diseases such as insulin resistance (IR), abnormal serum lipid profiles and obesity. Methods: Various parameters of metabolic syndrome were measured in 75 male patients of AGA in the department of dermatology, Safdarjung hospital from June 2015 to April 2016. ECG and echocardiography was done in all patients to look for any evidence of premature coronary artery disease . Results: In our ...
The Comparison of Blood Lipid Profile in Patients with and Without Androgenetic Alopecia
Journal of the Turkish Academy of Dermatology, 2020
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss in both sexes. In several studies investigating the relationship between AGA and dyslipidemia, conflicting results have been reported. In this study, we aimed to compare serum triglyceride (TG) and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels that one of the criteria of metabolic syndrome in male patients with and without AGA. Materials and Methods: The study group was consisted of 40 patients who had 2 and higher AGA. The control group was consisted of 40 patients aged who had no AGA at the clinical examination or who had stage 1 AGA. Fasting serum TG and HDL cholesterol levels were compared between study and control groups. Results: The mean serum TG values in the study group were 89.60; the mean serum TG values in the control group were 85.40. There was no statistical difference in serum TG values between the two groups (p<0.005). The number of patients with serum TG value ≥150 mg/dL was 5 (12.5%) in the study group and 3 (7.5%) in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant too (p<0.005). Mean serum HDL cholesterol levels in the study group were 52.67; the mean serum HDL cholesterol values in the control group were 52.62. There was no significant difference in serum HDL cholesterol levels between the two groups (p<0.005). The number of patients with serum HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL was 4 (10%) in the patient group and 1 (2.5%) in the control group; however, this difference was not statistically significant too (p<0.005). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between serum TG and HDL cholesterol levels in male patients with or without AGA.
Frequency of deranged blood lipids in male patients with androgenetic alopecia
Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2019
Objective To determine the frequency of deranged serum lipids in male patients with androgenetic alopecia. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatients department of Dermatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi over a period of six months i.e. January 2015 to June 2015. Male patients between 25-65 years with androgenetic alopecia were enrolled in the study. Blood samples for fasting serum lipids were taken during the same visit. All data were entered and analyzed. Results Total 150 patients were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Mean age in high and low triglycerides patients was 46.87+10.58 years and 42.32+11.29 years, respectively. Similarly, mean age (years) in normal and low HDL was 42.17+10.87 years and 48.13+10.21 years, respectively. There were 131 (87.3%) patients who presented with high triglycerides levels whereas 19 (12.7%) patients had normal triglycerides. Similarly, there were 46 (30.7) patients who presented with normal ...
International Journal of Research in Dermatology
Background: Androgenic alopecia is most common type of non-scarring alopecia in men. It is associated with high risk of cardiovascular events. Aim was to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in male patients of early onset androgenic alopecia.Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the dermatology out-patient department over a period of 6 months which included 100 patients of androgenic alopecia and 100 age matched controls. All subjects were aged 20 to 35 years and underwent detailed history, clinical examination including trichoscopic examination and measurement of waist circumference and blood pressure. Fasting blood sugar, triglyceride and high-density lipoproteins were tested following overnight fasting. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on criteria of national cholesterol education program (NCEP) adult treatment panel III. Chi square test was used as a test of significance. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Prevalence of me...
International Journal of Experimental Research and Review, 2023
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of patterned hair loss among males which is characterized by progressive hair loss from the bi-temporal and vertex regions of the scalp. Although previous epidemiological studies found an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among adult AGA male patients, there has been no comprehensive research till now to establish this correlation between AGA and cardiovascular risk and there is a paucity of data regarding this association. Two hundred men were included in the study, N = 100 AGA patients included in the patient group, and the rest in the control group. In both groups, the parameters for MetS such as family history, socioeconomic status, obesity, blood pressure, and lipid profile), and in the presence of the CAA plaques and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) using Doppler ultrasonography were established. The degree of AGA was asses by using the Hamilton-Norwood grade (I-VII) system for males. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. AGA was found in 11.6% of OPD patients, whereas 3 patients have CAA plaque and 6 cases have C-IMT from the patient's group. There was a statistical association between male AGA with MetS, and insulin-resistant patients (P = 0.001 and 0.0004, respectively). A positive family history of AGA patients, hypertension, DM, and CVD was found to be significantly more frequent in study cases than in the controls (P <0.05). Patients with AGA appear to have a highly prevalent risk of developing CVD and CAA plaque. Therefore, clinical evaluation of each AGA patient's cases is needed, especially for grade III and above which may help prevent CVD in the future. Timely intervention and lifestyle changes in male AGA patients can fulfil the ultimate objective of reducing cardiovascular complications in the future.
Study of prevalence of metabolic syndrome in androgenetic alopecia
International Journal of Research in Dermatology, 2018
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is commonly known as male pattern baldness has a prevalence of up to 50% in men worldwide. It occurs in most patients before the age of 40 years. It is characterized by a progressive conversion of terminal hair into miniaturized hair defined by various patterns. Various studies have shown that androgenetic alopecia have significant physical and psychological morbidity and a lowered dermatological life quality index.Methods: The study included 75 patients with clinical diagnosis of AGA and 75 age and sex matched controls. After taking complete history, general examination and thorough dermatological examination was performed in all cases to grade the severity of AGA. Fasting serum samples were taken from all cases and controls and assayed for fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was diagnosed according to 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Programme’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Chi square tes...
2020
Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevailing type of progressive hair loss. Thus far, some previous studies have investigated the correlation between AGA and metabolicsyndrome (MetS). However, due to the inconsistency of their results, our study aims at evaluating the association between AGA and MetS.Methods: Fifty two male patients with grade III-V AGA, based on Ebling’s scale, and 50 control subjects were enrolled in the present study. All participants were evaluated for the presenceof Mets based on the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III).Results: The prevalence of MetS was 51.3% in AGA group and 17.8% in control group (P=0.003). Among MetS parameters, Systolic blood pressure (P=0.003) and waist circumference (P<0.001)were statistically significant in AGA patients compared to the control group.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the association between AGA and MetS is of great importance. Therefore, early detec...
Cardiovascular Endocrinology, 2017
Introduction We herewith aimed to explore the association of premature graying, androgenic alopecia (AGA), and hair thinning with coronary artery disease (CAD) in young (≤ 40 years) male individuals from Western India. Patients and methods In this prospective, case-control study, 1380 male individuals from a super speciality cardiac care center were enrolled, of which 468 were established cases of CAD and 912 were age-matched healthy male individuals not having history of any major illness including CAD. Details of demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and cutaneous markers were collected for both the groups. Results Prevalence of hypertension (30.3 vs. 13.6%), obesity (28.8 vs. 12.2%), hair thinning (36.3 vs. 14.6%), premature graying (49.6 vs. 29.9%), AGA (49.1 vs. 27.4%), and lipid abnormalities (total cholesterol-16.7 vs. 8.8%; low-density lipoprotein-7.3 vs. 2.2%; and high-density lipoprotein-92.5 vs. 88.7%) were higher in cases as compared with control. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that AGA [5.619, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.025-7.845, P < 0.0001] is the strongest predictor of CAD among young Asian male individuals, closely followed by premature graying (5.267, 95% CI: 3.716-7.466, P < 0.0001), obesity (4.133, 95% CI: 2.839-6.018, P < 0.0001), and hair thinning (3.36, 95% CI: 2.452-4.621, P < 0.0001). SYNTAX score, left ventricle ejection fraction, and degree of disease severity were also found to be independent associates of premature graying and AGA. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that cutaneous markers are independently associated with underlying CAD irrespective of other classical cardiovascular risk factors. This, in combination with classical markers, could be effectively used for early identification and risk stratification of young patients with occult or established CAD.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2017
Background: Several previous studies have investigated the association between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and metabolic syndrome (MS), with inconsistent results. Objectives of the study were to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in male patients of androgenetic alopecia and compare with control population and study the relationship of metabolic syndrome with different grades of AGA.Methods: This prospective hospital based case control study included 100 new clinically diagnosed males of androgenetic alopecia, and age and sex matched control group. Assessment for presence of various components of metabolic syndrome was done following a uniform protocol in cases and controls. AGA was classified as per Hamilton –Narwood classification, grade I to III was classified as mild –moderate and grade IV and higher as severe AGA.Results: Of the 100 male AGA patients (age range 21-50, mean 34.49), 36 had grade II AGA, 24 had grade III AGA, 20 had grade IV AGA, 15 had grade V AGA and 5 h...