Diversity analysis of genetic, agronomic and quality characteristics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Grown in Turkey (original) (raw)
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Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2016
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely adapted and cultivated cereal grain in the world. In 2013 cropping season, wheat was harvested on 1.3, 7.8, and 214 million ha in southeastern Turkey, Turkey and World, respectively. Breeding programs in the Turkey have achieved tremendous gains in grain yield over past two decades. However, yield fluctuated over the years due to change in environmental conditions and genotype by environment interactions. Therefore, this study was conducted with overall objectives to identify high yielding and stable candidate genotypes for release in southeastern Turkey. A total of 25 genotypes with 20 advanced experimental lines and five check cultivars were planted at 10 locations in southeastern Turkey in 2010-11 cropping season. Grain yield stability was determined using Eberhart and Russel, AMMI and GGE-biplot methods. Based on these results G1, G12, G13 and G19 were identified as the potential candidate genotypes for release. GGE-biplot classified southeastern Turkey into two mega-environments. AMMI and GGE biplot explained 86.49% and 86.43% of the total variation for grain yield, respectively. These result suggested that all three methods were equally efficient in determining the stability of the genotype. However, the GGE biplot methodology is more preferred than AMMI and Eberhart and Russel because it facilitates clearly visualize which-won-where pattern and the discriminating ability of environments.
Genetic diversity and its temporal changes in improved bread wheat cultivars of Morocco
Romanian Agricultural Research, 2015
Genetic diversity in a set of 20 improved bread wheat cultivars released in Morocco since 1980s, along with 8 exotic bread wheat cultivars, were characterized by employing 14 polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 59 alleles (Mean=4.21) in Moroccan cultivars and 53 alleles (Mean=3.78) in exotic cultivars were detected. Genetic diversity at 14 microsatellite loci varied from 0 to 0.895 (Mean=0.576) for 20 Moroccan cultivars and from 0.25 to 0.928 (Mean=0.683) for the exotic cultivars. The genetic distance among the cultivars ranged from 0.143 to 1.00. Using the 14 microsatellite markers, all the bread wheat cultivars could be distinguished for reliable identification, characterization, and diversity analysis. Total number of alleles decreased in the cultivars developed during 1990s (8.3%) compared with that of 1980s. The AMOVA results suggest that change in the cultivar genetic diversity among different decadal groups of bread wheat was very small and non-significant, indicat...
Genes
Wheat genotypes should be improved through available germplasm genetic diversity to ensure food security. This study investigated the molecular diversity and population structure of a set of Türkiye bread wheat genotypes using 120 microsatellite markers. Based on the results, 651 polymorphic alleles were evaluated to determine genetic diversity and population structure. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 19, with an average of 5.44 alleles per locus. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.031 to 0.915 with a mean of 0.43. In addition, the gene diversity index ranged from 0.03 to 0.92 with an average of 0.46. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.359 with a mean of 0.124. The unbiased expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.00 to 0.319 with an average of 0.112. The mean values of the number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity of Nei (H) and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 1.190, 1.049 and 0.168, respectively. The highest genetic d...
The estimation of gene effects in the inheritance of yield components is one of the most important tasks in wheat breeding programs. The objective of the study was to estimate gene effects for the number of grains and grain weight per spike in ten wheat crosses with five basic generations: parent cultivars (P1, P2), first and second filial generations (F1, F2) and first backcrosses (BC1). The gene effects responsible for inheritance of these two important traits were estimated on the basis of generation mean analysis, using an additive-dominant model with three and six-parameters. The adequacy of the additive-dominance model with three-parameters was tested using the Scaling test and Chi-square (χ2) test. A three-parameter model was found as adequate to explain variation for the both traits in three crossing combinations. The magnitude of additive gene effects (d) was smaller than the corresponding dominance effects (h) in most crosses for both traits. The application of six-parameter models indicated the significant epistatic effects for explaining genetic variation for these traits. The inheritance of these traits was influenced by additive×additive (i) and dominance×dominance (l) type of non-allelic interactions in the study. Duplicate gene interactions were also observed in most crosses of both characters which are difficult to exploit in breeding programs. These results implied that the selection for the improvement of these traits should be applied in further generations in wheat breeding. Key words: Wheat, Additive-dominant model, Gene effects
Comparative analysis of genetic diversity of bread wheat genotypes based on protein and DNA markers
2018
Huseynova, E., Gaziev, A., Abbasov, M., Babayeva, S., Haciyev, E., Karimov, A., Sadiqov, H., Rustamov, Kh., & Akparov, Z. (2018). Comparative analysis of genetic diversity of bread wheat genotypes based on protein and DNA markers. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 24(6), 1034–1041 Genetic diversity of 32 local and 23 introduced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was studied using protein and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 26 bands were amplifi ed using 5 ISSR primers. The number of polymorphic bands varied from 1 to 3, averaged 2.2. The average genetic diversity for the whole bread wheat collection based on ISSR data was 0.57. Polymorphism rate of protein markers were superior to ISSR markers. The highest number of patterns was noted at α and ω sections, with 44 and 42 patterns, respectively. Genetic diversity index was high for all studied sections. The maximum diversity was observed at α section (0.968), followed by ω section (0.963). Ma...
3 Biotech, 2016
Genetic characterization, diversity analysis and estimate of the genetic relationship among varieties using functional and random DNA markers linked to agronomic traits can provide relevant guidelines in selecting parents and designing new breeding strategies for marker-assisted wheat cultivar improvement. Here, we characterize 20 Moroccan and 19 exotic bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars using 47 functional and 7 linked random DNA markers associated with 21 loci of the most important traits for wheat breeding. The functional marker analysis revealed that 35, 45, and 10 % of the Moroccan cultivars, respectively have the rust resistance genes (Lr34/Yr18/ Pm38), dwarfing genes (Rht1b or Rht2b alleles) and the leaf rust resistance gene (Lr68). The marker alleles for genes Lr37/Yr17/Sr38, Sr24 and Yr36 were present only in the exotic cultivars and absent in Moroccan cultivars. 25 % of cultivars had 1BL.1RS translocation. 70 % of the wheat cultivars had Ppo-D1a and Ppo-A1b associated with low polyphenol oxidase activity. 10 % of cultivars showed presence of a random DNA marker allele (175 bp) linked to Hessian fly resistance gene H22. The majority of the Moroccan cultivars were carrying alleles that impart good bread making quality. Neighbor joining (NJ) and principal coordinate analysis based on the marker data revealed a clear differentiation between elite Moroccan and exotic wheat cultivars. The results of this study are useful for selecting suitable parents for making targeted crosses in marker-assisted wheat breeding and enhancing genetic diversity in the wheat cultivars.
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2007
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Genetic variability studies on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2019
Thirty bread wheat genotypes were tested to assess the genetic variability, among studied genotypes using alpha-lattice design at Tongo sub-center of Assosa Agricultural Research Center and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in 2015. Analysis of variance revealed that there were statistically significant differences among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations. From the combined analysis of variance, significant (p≤0.05) effect due to location, varieties and G×E was observed for most of the traits. The varieties showed wider variability in mean grain yield of 1284.4-3788.7 kg ha-1 , 2588.3-4683.3 kg ha-1 and 1936.4-4095.6 at Tongo, Kulumsa and across location, respectively. Moderate PCV values (>10%) were obtained for grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index, tillers per plant and spikes per plant at individual location and across location including days to heading, above ground biomass yield, spike length and kernels per spike at Tongo and above ground biomass yield at Kulumsa. Similarly, moderate GCV values (>10%) were obtained for grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, tillers per plant and spikes per plant at individual location including days to heading, harvest index and kernels per spike at Tongo and above ground biomass yield at Kulumsa. Lower (<10%) was obtained for all traits across location. High heritability estimates (>80%) were obtained for days to heading (86.0%) and days to maturity (85.1%) at Tongo and days to heading (86.2 and 82.69%) and spikes length (80.1 and 82.85%) at Kulumsa and across location. But relatively high genetic advance (>20%) was obtained for grain yield (28.5%) and harvest index (24.3%) at Tongo. Moderate genetic advance (10-20%) was observed for 1000 kernel weight, spikes length and days to heading at individual location and across location including spikelets per spike, tillers per plant, above ground biomass, spikes per plant and plant height at individual location. Generally, it has been observed the presence of variability among the genotypes, heritability in the tested traits of the genotypes studied. Hence, Selection and hybridization on those genotypes based on the trait with high GCV, heritability and genetic advance can be recommended for farther yield improvement of bread wheat at respective location.
Genetic relationships of Turkish bread wheat cultivars
Forty-two bread wheat cultivars released up to 1990 in Turkey have been investigated in order to understand their genetic relationships. Correlation, regression and principal component analyses have been applied to cultivar-to-cultivar parentage coefficients and similarity indices based on pedigree data. Correlation and regression analyses between cultivar-to-cultivar parentage coefficients and similarity indices have shown higher relationships implying that both estimates could be used interchangeably to predict genetic relationships in cultivars. Principal component analyses failed to group cultivars clearly, but some subgrouping were obtained.