Analysis of TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 Polymorphisms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) (original) (raw)
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Epithelial genes in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps
American Journal of Rhinology, 2008
Background-Genetic studies on chronic inflammatory diseases have resulted in an emphasis on the epithelial interface with the environment and the genes that influence this interaction. This study examines the expression of key epithelial genes implicated in the pathogenesis of other inflammatory disorders for their role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2016
Background: Current phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) might not adequately reflect the pathophysiologic diversity within patients with CRS. Objective: We sought to identify inflammatory endotypes of CRS. Therefore we aimed to cluster patients with CRS based solely on immune markers in a phenotype-free approach. Secondarily, we aimed to match clusters to phenotypes. Methods: In this multicenter case-control study patients with CRS and control subjects underwent surgery, and tissue was analyzed for IL-5, IFN-g, IL-17A, TNF-a, IL-22, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, eosinophilic cationic protein, myeloperoxidase, TGF-b1, IgE, Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE, and albumin. We used partition-based clustering. Results: Clustering of 173 cases resulted in 10 clusters, of which 4 clusters with low or undetectable IL-5, eosinophilic cationic protein, IgE, and albumin concentrations, and 6 clusters with high concentrations of those markers. The group of IL-5negative clusters, 3 clusters clinically resembled a predominant chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) phenotype without increased asthma prevalence, and 1 cluster had a T H 17 profile and had mixed CRSsNP/CRSwNP. The IL-5-positive clusters were divided into a group with moderate IL-5 concentrations, a mixed CRSsNP/CRSwNP and increased asthma phenotype, and a group with high IL-5 levels, an almost exclusive nasal polyp phenotype with strongly increased asthma prevalence. In the latter group, 2 clusters demonstrated the highest concentrations of IgE and asthma prevalence, with all samples expressing Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-specific IgE. Conclusion: Distinct CRS clusters with diverse inflammatory mechanisms largely correlated with phenotypes and further differentiated them and provided a more accurate description of the inflammatory mechanisms involved than phenotype information only.
Associations Between Inflammatory Endotypes and Clinical Presentations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, 2019
What is already known about this topic? Clinically, patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) present with various symptoms including rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, smell loss, and/or facial pressure/pain. In addition, the sinonasal tissue of patients with CRS is characterized by a heterogeneous pattern of inflammation.
Mechanisms and biomarkers of inflammatory endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2021
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Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Background/aim: Sinonasal polyposis is a complex chronic disease displaying contributions from multiple genetic and environmental factors. In this study, we analyzed possible genetic factors that increase susceptibility to this widespread inflammatory disease. Materials and methods: A total of 176 adult patients, including 78 patients with sinonasal polyposis and 98 healthy controls, were analyzed for IL-1RN VNTR, IL-2(-330), and IL-4 VNTR gene polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme restriction. Results: IL-1RN and IL-4 VNTR polymorphisms were notably associated with sinonasal polyposis (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.036, respectively); however, regarding the IL-2(-330) gene polymorphism, no significant difference was shown between the patient and control groups (P = 0.235). Conclusions: Our study indicates that the RN2 allele of IL-1RN and the RP1 allele of IL-4 might be risk factors for developing sinonasal polyposis.
Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology, 2017
This case-controlled study aimed to identify the association of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-1031 and TNFβ+252 gene polymorphisms between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and healthy controls. Another purpose of this study was to investigate the associations of these gene polymorphisms with factors related to CRS. All deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples were genotyped for TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 genes by mean of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The statistical analysis were carried out using chi-square test or Fisher exact test to determine the associations of these gene polymorphisms in CRS. Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of these gene polymorphisms in CRS and its related risk factors. The genotype and allele frequencies of TNFα-1031 and TNFβ+252 gene did not show any significant associations between CRS and healthy controls. However, a significantly statistical difference of TNFα-1031 was obse...
Clinical severity and epithelial endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 2012
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease defined by epithelial inflammation. The link between measures of traditional disease severity and markers of epithelial inflammation is poorly understood as prior research has focused on presence of polyps or degree of eosinophilia. The expression of 3 epithelial derived cytokines implicated in initiation of T-helper 2 (Th2) inflammation and an eosinophil chemoa ractant were compared with clinical measures used in CRS.
Endotypes of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Across Ancestry and Geographic Regions
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 2018
Purpose of Review Preliminary studies have suggested differences in endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) across ancestry/ ethnic groups. Eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) is the predominant subtype for Western/European ancestry CRS patients and noneosinophilic CRS (nECRS) for Asian patients. This review aims to re-analyze CRS endotypes across ancestry populations using one consistent criteria to existing data. Recent Findings Although tissue eosinophilia is the most commonly used criterion for ECRS, various cutoff points are suggested. Surrogate markers have been extensively studied. Sixty-six cohorts with study criteria were included with a total of 8557 patients. Raw data from 11 studies 544 patients were re-analyzed using number of tissue eosinophils. At lower cutoff values of ≥ 5 and ≥ 10 cells/HPF, most patients of Asian and Western/European ancestry were classified as ECRS without difference. In contrast, at cutoff points of ≥ 70 and ≥ 120 cells/HPF, the majority of both groups became reclassified as nECRS. Summary After applying one consistent criteria to existing data, differences across ancestry and geographic populations in endotypes of CRS were no longer evident.