Inventory of Determinants of Obesity-Related Behaviors in Adolescents: Development and Psychometric Characteristics (original) (raw)
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Turkish Psychometric Properties of the Predictor Scales Affecting Adolescent Obesity
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Adolescent obesity is one of the most important public health problems today. Identifying factors that affect obesity in adolescents and developing programs to prevent obesity are very important. This research aims to test Turkish psychometric properties of the scales to predict adolescent obesity (Healthy Lifestyle Choices Scale, Perceived Healthy Lifestyle Difficulty Scale, Activity Knowledge Scale, Nutrition Knowledge Scale, Healthy Lifestyle Attitude Scale, Healthy Lifestyle Belief Scale). The psychometric properties of the Scales were tested test-retest reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the item-total correlation, and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The relationship between the Scales was measured using the Spearman’s correlation analysis. The level of internal consistency of the scales to predict adolescent obesity was found good. The goodness of fit values of the Belief Scale were measured as significantly high (χ2 = 177.24, df = 0.99, χ2/df = 1.79 (p < .001), Comparative Fit Index = 0.91, Goodness of Fit Index = 0.91, Normed Fit Index = 0.92, Incremental Fit Index = 0.92, Root Mean Square Residual = 0.05, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation Residual = 0.05). The psychometric analyses of the Scales were found to be very similar to the results of the original scales. There was a positive correlation between the Choice, Attitude, Belief, Nutrition and Activity Knowledge Scale, and a negative correlation with the Perceived Difficulty scale. The scales which measure adolescent obesity were accepted as valid and reliable measuring tools. This study will be an important resource for researchers working on the adolescent health and obesity.
Abstract Introduction: Current data shows that most interventions in the field of obesity prevention among adolescents have not achieved their goals. Understanding the obesity process, and designing context-based interventions, is essential. Comprehending the lack of related studies from Iran, this study was conducted to explain the obesity process in Iranian adolescents and to test a model designed for obesity prevention. Material and methods: This triangulation study (a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods) was conducted in two consecutive phases, the first of which included two stages. In the first phase, using the grounded theory approach, the obesity process in adolescents was explained; a total of 72 adolescents, mothers and related experts participated in deep interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis was then conducted, in three steps, manually using constant comparative methods, the open, axial and selective coding and to determine data trustworthiness, we assessed credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability; in the second stage of this phase, based on the initial theoretical concepts, the preventional model of obesity-related behavior in adolescents was determined. During the first stage of the second phase, to assess predicting factors of adolescents’ obesity, a questionnaire was developed and its face, content and construct validity were evaluated, with reliability being assessed based on stability and internal consistency. In the last step of current phase, the relation between model constructs was assessed using the structural equation model. Findings: Based on constant comparative analysis of data, the “Theory of Obesity-Related Behaviors in Adolescents” emerged, of which the core concept was “Motivation Loss”. The main constructs of motivational-based model for Prevention of Obesity-Related Behaviors in Adolescents are “modification of obesity-related behaviors”, “resolution and revision of priorities”, “realitybased self evaluation”, “self control and goal-oriented expectations”, “cognition and perception of threat” and “environmental and social support”. Qualitative and quantitative face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. Qualitative content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The content validity ratio and content validity index scores being above 0.6 and 0.7 respectively for all items thereby confirming the quantitative content validity of the questionnaire. Our findings regarding exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the presented model. Total variance explained was 49.9. The results of structural equation model show that the optimum model was matched to the presented grounded theory and reasonably confirmed by related indices. Conclusion: Motivating adolescents to healthy behaviors and weight control is the main concern of prevention of obesity-related behaviors in this group. The motivational-based model which presented by current study could be considered as an effective conceptual framework to design and implement interventions aimed at preventing obesity in adolescents. Key words: Adolescents, Obesity-related behaviors, Grounded theory, Prevention, Motivation, Qualitative study
ARYA atherosclerosis, 2012
BACKGROUND: The present study describes the methods of developing and validating two questionnaires that will be used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of adults, children and adolescents regarding obesity. METHODS: To design the questionnaires, we used the components of the Health Belief Model. The questionnaire for adults consisted of 6 sections with 50 questions. The questionnaire for children and adolescents included 7 sections and 52 questions. The questionnaires were assessed for face validity, content validity, and clarity of the items. To determine the internal consistency reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured for 100 questionnaires. Using the correlation coefficient, we determined the equivalent reliability of the study tools. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged between 0.60 and 0.80 for the whole questionnaires. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaires for adults, children and a...
Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2017
Considering the role of different ethnical, cultural and geographical factors in health related quality of life (HRQOL) as well as the perception of different populations regarding various weight disorders, we aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and HRQOL in Iranian children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study was part of the Weight Disorders Survey of the CASPIAN-IV study. During this study, students aged 6-18 years from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran were selected. HRQOL of the students was evaluated by using the Persian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0™ 4.0) Generic Core Scales. The mean of total HRQOL and its subscales were compared in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese students. The mean of total HRQOL, physical functioning and psychological functioning scores in the total population were 83.31, 84.25 and 82.79, respectively. The mean of the total HRQOL score and the psychosocial sco...
Adolescent Obesity Prevalence and Its Related Factors Among High School Students of Karaj City, Iran
Background: In recent decades, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents have increased in Iran and other countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among high school students of Karaj City, Iran. Methods: A total of 700 students in different age groups were selected by random sampling method. The study samples were divided into 2 groups of case and control and their characteristics were compared. The data were collected by nutritional frequencies and remembrance of 24 hours of nutrition questionnaires. Finally, the obtained information (BMI and its percentile) was statistically analyzed with respect to samples’ nutritional pattern and physical activities. Results: The prevalence of obesity and overweight in teenagers were 13.5% and 17.4%, respectively. The obesity rate in boys was higher than that in girls. The amount of daily fat, carbohydrate, protein, and calorie intake (2700 kcal) was higher in obese students compared to normal ones. Significant differences were observed between two groups in terms of fat, protein, carbohydrate intake, and calorie consumption as well as physical activity. Conclusion: The obesity prevalence in Karaj students is high and the intake of carbohydrate, fat, and calorie should be adjusted with regard to different age groups. The relevant education should be started in school and families, by considering the importance of diet reform in lowering the rate of obesity and overweight
International journal of preventive medicine, 2013
This study compares the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) references in assessment of overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents. The data of this study was drawn from a cross sectional study of a representative sample of 1200 adolescents aged 12-17 years in Babol, northern Iran. A standard procedure was used to measure height and weight and the body mass index was calculated. Each subject was classified as overweight and obese based on IOTF cut off values of BMI and CDC references BMI percentile sets by age and sex. The kappa coefficients were estimated for the degree of agreement. In assessment of obesity/overweight prevalence, the CDC and IOTF references produced a similar estimate by age group and sex. The maximum differences was about 1% and the kappa coefficients was 0.96 to 1 (P = 0.001). While for assessment of obesity, the CDC reference produced slightly a higher rate of obesity and the difference in prevalence between the tw...
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 2015
Background: During the last two decades, adolescent obesity has increased in western countries. In Iran-as a developing country-the prevalence of obesity is raised among youngsters as well. This study conducted to identify an association of adolescents' loneliness, self-confidence and relationship with others in home and school environment with their weight status. Methods: In this cross-sectional national survey, 5682 students aged 10-18 years from urban and rural districts of 27 provinces of Iran were selected via stratified multi-stage sampling method. Data on psychological problems of students was gathered through a questionnaire. Height, weight, and waist circumferences were measured according to standard protocols. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio was calculated. Results: Boys which did not have best friends, spend time with their friends after school or get acceptance from them, had higher BMI than others. Only girls who did not spend time with their friends had higher BMI (19.48 ± 4.28) vs. (19.09 ± 3.92) and WC (71.04 ± 21.29) vs. (69.15 ± 17.43) than others, P < 0.05. In both sexes, adolescents who had sense of pressure about doing homework or had difficulties in relationship with their parents had higher BMI and WC values. Girls who reported being victim of violent behaviors (being bullied), had lower BMI compared to others. Risk of being overweight and obese, but not abdominal obese was statistically higher in adolescents not having close friends (OR = 1.81, CI: 1.11-2.95). Lack of self-confidence increased only the risk of obesity in teens (OR = 1033, CI: 1.09-1.64). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescent should be taking into account a deeper knowledge of psychosocial issues due to be able to design more effective programs for treating overweight teens.
Background Obesity is one of the most common nutritional problems in adolescent. Knowing eating behavior of adolescents improve our understanding about this pandemic and helps design an appropriate preventive and care plan. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 372 students selected randomly from 8 guidance schools of Shiraz, Iran, during August-December 2009. Body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 kg, height was measured in bare feet to the nearest 0.5 cm. Adolescents with a Body Mass Index (BMI) over the 85th but less than 95th percentile are considered overweight and those with a BMI greater than the 95th percentile are considered obese. Eating behaviors was assessed using Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ). The analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical software version 13. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result The mean age of adolescent was 13.43±0.973 years. Of population studied, 23.9%, 22.35% and 53.8% were found to be obese, overweight and normal weight There was significant differences between restrained and external eating score in obese and overweight groups (P=0.0001). Restrained eating score in obese and overweight adolescent was higher than those of normal weight group. There was no significant difference between emotional eating behavior in adolescent (P>0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between dietary restriction and BMI (r=0.36) in adolescent (P=0.000). Conclusion Understanding the individual differences in eating behaviors is the first step in modifying programs for obesity. Emotional eating behavior is also recommended to be considered in designing preventive programs.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2012
Background: Little experience exists on valid and reliable tools for assessment of the determinants of underweight and overweight in children and adolescents living in the Middle-East and North Africa (MENA). This study aimed to develop a valid and wideranging questionnaire for assessment of these parameters in a nationwide sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This national study was conducted in 31 provinces in Iran. The first phase consisted of focus group discussion with 275 children and adolescents and their parents. After a qualitative content analysis, the initial items were extracted. In the next step, the face validity was assessed by expert panelists using the quantitative method of the Impact Score. To assess the content validity, the content validity rate (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were determined. The internal consistency was examined by Cronbach alpha, and its testretest reliability was determined. The socio-demographic variables, perinatal factors, lifestyle factors, family history, knowledge and attitude were assessed. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A validated questionnaire for quality of life was filled in anonymously. Results: A team of expert researchers conducted the data analysis of 576 interviews by using qualitative content analysis method. The analysis process began by determining the semantic units about the concepts studied. The initial questionnaire was developed in four domains by including Likert scale questions. In the face validity step, all questions of the primary questionnaire obtained a score of more than 1.5. In the phase of CVR assessment, 6 questions obtained a score of less than 0.62, and were omitted. The rest of questions were assessed for CVI, and got a score of more than 0.75. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.97, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of the test-retest phase was 0.94.
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2021
Background: Adolescent overweight and obesity (AOO) is a global public health problem and risk for noncommunicable diseases. Understanding context-specific risks is crucial for interventions. Objective: Determine the prevalence of AOO in the Indonesian National Health Survey (INHS) 2013, assess the 5-year trend from 2013 to 2018, and identify risks. Methods: We selected adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (n = 174 290) from the INHS 2013 and used hierarchical logistic regression to identify gender-specific risks for those aged 15 to 19 years (n = 77 534). Change in AOO was assessed by comparison to INHS 2018 reports. Results: The national AOO prevalence increased over 5 years by 48% in young adolescents (13-15 years) and 85% in older ones (16-18 years). High prevalence areas included the urban location of Jakarta (20.9%) and the remote rural region of Papua (19.4%). Overall, AOO risks were being sedentary, male, lower education, married, younger adolescent, and school enrollment, with u...