Comparison of Alewife Young-of-the-Year and Adult Respiration and Swimming Speed Bioenergetics Model Parameters: Implications of Extrapolation (original) (raw)
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Accounting for energy use by fishes has been taking place for over 200 years. The original, and continuing gold standard for measuring energy use in terrestrial animals, is to account for the waste heat produced by all reactions of metabolism, a process referred to as direct calorimetry. Direct calorimetry is not easy or convenient in terrestrial animals and is extremely difficult in aquatic animals. Thus, the original and most subsequent measurements of metabolic activity in fishes have been measured via indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry takes advantage of the fact that oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is produced during the catabolic conversion of foodstuffs or energy reserves to useful ATP energy. As measuring [CO2 ] in water is more challenging than measuring [O2 ], most indirect calorimetric studies on fishes have used the rate of O2 consumption. To relate measurements of O2 consumption back to actual energy usage requires knowledge of the substrate being oxidized...
Current Zoology, 2020
Energy metabolism fuels swimming and other biological processes. We compared the swimming performance and energy metabolism within and across eight freshwater fish species. Using swim tunnel respirometers, we measured the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and calculated the critical swimming speed (Ucrit). We accounted for body size, metabolic traits, and some morphometric ratios in an effort to understand the extent and underlying causes of variation. Body mass was largely the best predictor of swimming capacity and metabolic traits within species. Moreover, we found that predictive models using total length or SMR, in addition to body mass, significantly increased the explained variation of Ucrit and MMR in certain fish species. These predictive models also underlined that, once body mass has been accounted for, Ucrit can be independently affected by total length or MMR. This study exemplifies the utility of multiple regression models to assess within-...
Finding the best estimates of metabolic rates in a coral reef fish
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013
Summary Metabolic rates of aquatic organisms are estimated from measurements of oxygen consumption rates (ṀO2) through swimming and resting respirometry. These distinct approaches are increasingly used in eco- and conservation physiology studies; however, few studies have tested whether they yield comparable results. We examined whether two fundamental ṀO2 measures, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR), vary based on the method employed. Ten bridled monocle bream (Scolopsis bilineatus) were exercised using (1) a critical swimming speed (Ucrit) protocol, (2) a 15 min exhaustive chase protocol and (3) a 3 min exhaustive chase protocol followed by brief air exposure. Protocol (1) was performed in a swimming respirometer whereas protocols (2) and (3) were followed by resting respirometry. SMR estimates in swimming respirometry were similar to those in resting respirometry when a three-parameter exponential or power function was used to extrapolate the swimming ...
Journal of Fish Biology, 1988
The feeding activity of an individual fish larva is described by an equation which includes parameters for the area successfully searched, probability of food capture multiplied by the cross-sectional perceptive visual field, larval swimming speed and the time required to consume a unit of food energy. The proportion of ingested food energy used for metabolism increases exponentially with increasing swimming speed. The model predicts that food consumption rate increases asymptotically whereas metabolic rate increases exponentially. This results in a predicted growth rate curve that reaches a maximum at a certain swimming speed and decreases at both higher and lower speeds.The model can be used to predict the influence of type of prey, prey density, water temperature etc. on larval growth. An expression describing how many hours per day fish larvae must forage in order to grow at a certain daily body weight gain allows the limits of environmental conditions for positive, zero and negative growth rate to be set.Results of simulations demonstrated that the optimum swimming speed for maximum growth of coregonid larvae increased with an increase in food density, decrease in water temperature or decrease of prey vulnerability. At optimum ‘theoretical’ swimming speed an increase in water temperature from 5 to 17° C required the food density to be increased from 20 to 80 copepods l−1 in order to maintain a daily growth increment of 2%. The minimum Artemia density required for maintenance metabolism increased from 10 to 30 items 11 over the same temperature increase from 5 to 17° C, and food densities required for 8% growth rates were 26 and 56 Artemia nauplii l−1 at 5 and 17° C, respectively.Contrary to previous findings, results of the present study suggest that metabolic rates of actively feeding fish larvae may be from 5 to 50 times the standard metabolic rate: earlier studies suggested that a factor of 2–3 may be generally applicable.