THE ORGANIZED CRIME AS THREAT FOR THE MODERN SOCIETY (original) (raw)
Related papers
Organized Crime As a Threat to Security Systems – Serbian Experience
Studia Securitatis, 2013
Not only does organized crime, emerging in various forms and shapes, seriously endanger national security of all contemporary states, but it also represents an international, global problem. That is the reason why several international legal documents have been adopted under the auspices of universal as well as regional and international organizations. These legal sources establish a system of international standards in order to provide adequate, efficient, effective and lawful suppression of organized crime and each state is expected to implement and apply them within their national legislations. In the past couple of years, during the process of European integration, the Republic of Serbia has been making significant efforts, particularly in normative and legislative sphere, in order to establish an efficient mechanism for prevention and suppression of organized crime. In this paper, the authors analyze essential characteristics of this form of crime and discuss its general effects on the safety of security systems.
Abstract Book V International European Conference on Interdisciplinary Scientific Research, 2022
Understanding the world and Humanity changes due the Globalization phenomenon allows to identify the special conditions created that promote the implementation and the dissemination of the International Organized Criminality, in short time, affecting the International Community in all dimensions. As one of the most serious threats to the Rule of Law, violating the national legal systems and the International Law, being especially dangerous to the states and human lives in a global context. The International, regional and (most of) national juridical and judicial systems recognize the International Organized Criminality as a emergent problem that needs to be in the top of the political agenda and of the action by the Institutions aiming to prevent and fight their evolution, their dangerous damages and consequences to all their target – human and institutional. Although all difficult but effective legal, political, economic, and social work in this fight, mainly by the United Nations in cooperation with International Organizations and States, the Council of Europe assumed their responsibility to protect their State Members, their citizens, and the rest of the world by inherence. There is an enormous political and legal work, with a straight position based on their main structure document, the European Convention on Human Rights, but with the specialized work teams, understanded as need in each case. Consequently, the Council of Europe has a continuous production of legislation and management of procedures and activities, as well as International political and governance diplomatic relations in networks, in compliance with the International Law facing the challenge that context obliges permanently. Since 1959, with the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters, the strategic action promoted is the multidimensional International Cooperation between all “actors” in the International Community, preventing the violation of the International Law, generated conditions to apply the International Penal Law and developing policymaking articulated with the real contexts and needs. Within International Community, the Cooperation is the best key to join procedures to transcend the difficulties and constraints to achieve to the prevention and fight against the International Organized Criminality. This scientific research is being developed based on juridical, criminal, and political methodology, mainly qualitative, but presenting statistic data to demonstrate the results discussed.
International organised crime in the European Union
2017
The authors of this article focus on the term and the meaning of ‘organised crime’.Following their approach, it seems to be impossible to give an exact definition, because it has meant different things over time. There is a historical dimension but also a geopolitical dimension: South American, European and Russian historical developments have created different forms. Sometimes and somewhere organised crime is more or less ‘disorganised’, deregulated and connected with local frameworks. With regard to the organisation structures the authors distinguish five main ideal types: criminal networks with, firstly, ‘no social support structure in the milieu of operation’; those ‘rooted in marginalised subcultures’; those ‘rooted in mainstream society’; those with links ‘in power elites’; ‘criminal alliances between underworld and upper world or mafia-like organisations’.Moreover, the authors offer a versatile and complex picture of what organised crime means today. The contribution offers s...
Organized crime phenomenon threatening Public Safety and Rule of Law in
Kosovo Abstract Nowadays organized crime is considered as a real threat to the security of any country, but in particular, to the security of countries with fragile democracies that do not have any strength, tradition or experience to effectively deal with it. In this regard, for Balkans, this phenomenon is considered as the main threat to the security of each country and the region in general and in particular for our country Kosovo. Despite the progress achieved, the creation of institutions since 1999 had three transitions; UNMIK period 19992008, the declaration of independence on February 17, 2008 and the arrival of new EULEX mission in 2009 that was made to build a new future through integration process in the European Union, in the eyes of the international community our region is still considered quite fragile and challenging. The events of 19901999 in former Yugoslavia created great difficulties not only for the new states but also in the actual integration developments that these countries aim not to lose the chance to refute another infamous epithet as "organized crime haven". In this epithet may have doses of exaggeration, but the truth for these last 20 years is that, while all kinds of industries in the region have failed, there is a thriving new "industry", working day and night in full capacity: industry of organized crime.
Organized crime in Western Balkans: Case Serbia
Vojno delo
his paper discusses the common heritage of the Western Balkans in connection with organized crime, which, it can be claimed, did not significantly manifest under socialism. The disintegration of the former Yugoslavia led to war, destruction, and overall increase in crime, including organized crime. The factors that especially contributed to that, besides the war, are: the transition process, the increase in the level of corruption, inefficient functioning of the state apparatus, economic decline, and trade sanctions imposed by the United Nations which resulted in a sort of semilegal cooperation between governmental authorities and organized criminal groups in the Western Balkans. Local wars in the former Yugoslavia enabled the expansion of illegal arms trafficking, theft and smuggling of motor vehicles, and smuggling of all kinds of excise goods, especially oil and cigarettes. The trafficking of narcotics became a very lucrative and widespread activity of criminal groups, with the geo-strategic position of the Western Balkans countries being one of the contributing factors. The beginning of democratic changes in Serbia marked the commencement of the fight against organized crime. It was also the start of the creation of the legal regulatory system to counter organized crime, which involves interstate cooperation at both the regional and global level, as well as the adoption of international conventions and standards. Consequently, a special police unit for combating organized crime was established within the Serbian Ministry of Interior. The Republic of Serbia, like most countries in the region, has adopted a series of legislative measures to combat organized crime, which come from experiences of other countries that have shown good results. Specific aspects of the investigative procedure and collecting evidence of organized crime cannot be achieved using conventional methods of investigation, such as home, other premises and persons' search warrants, temporary confiscation of items, questioning of the accused, witnesses' hearing, etc. In these efforts the basic dilemma is the level of proportionality between security and freedom, because the methods of an undercover investigation are special methods that are used to temporarily restrict the fundamental rights and freedoms of men, for the purposes of combating complex forms of crime.
European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 1995
Post-Soviet organized crime, characterized by diverse and sophisticated operations, operates on almost every continent and has forged strategic alliances with established international crime groups. Its excessive violence and rapid growth in the past five years have made many regret the Berlin Wall fell. A criminal brain drain has accompanied the intellectual. The paper focuses on the capacity of and the measures taken by post-Soviet states to fight the ever-increasing problem of organized crime. The problems of implementing a successful anti-crime strategy in the face of the collapse of the control apparatus are examined. While post-Soviet organized crime becomes more threatening, many western countries as well as the business and political elites of the successor states watch helplessly as capital outflows continue at record rates and contract killings remain routine occurrences (RFE/RL Daily Report, 1994b; Federal News Service, 1995). Many CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) residents and foreign governments believe that the successor states are passive and unwilling to fight organized crime. The domestic response to the organized crime problem in the CIS is inadequate. But in every major country to emerge from the former Soviet Union, there is the beginning of governmental action against organized crime. The successor states need western assistance in fighting organized crime. Western efforts are important because the domestic capacity to fight organized crime is limited, but so far this aid has been fragmented, uncoordinated and often insensitive to the local political and legal environment. Significant improvements in western assistance and cooperation must be made if post-Soviet organized crime is to be successfully combatted.
FIGHT AGAINST ORGANISED CRIME AND SOME CONTEMPORARY CRIMINALISTICS METHODS
THEMATIC CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE "ARCHIBALD REISS DAYS" , 2019
The paper gives a brief overview of the definition of organized crime with the answer what definition is, from the aspect of police work, most appropriate. The basic characteristics of organized crime are also presented. In the continuation paper gives an overview on some methods used by members of an organized criminal group or criminal organization as a whole in order to obscure their criminal activities and avoid criminal prosecutions. An analysis of the practical activities of the police and modern technologies reveals certain possibilities that can lead to the improvement of police work in the field of the fight against organized crime. An analysis of the content of available literature related to the topic of paper was also carried out. To improve the detecting and clarifying rate of organized crime police on the first place must assess either perpetrators or them self. Finally, the synthesis of all methods leads to the conclusion what methods are most effective. All contemporary methods have to be done in respecting of fundamental rights and freedoms that are guaranteed by the constitution and international legal acts. If not so all police and prosecutor work on proving the felonies will ‘fall into water’ where the courts must declare the evidence as un-allowed and unlawful.
Organised Crime and its Control Policies in Europe
Since the early 1990s, organised crime has become a 'hot' topic in public debate and in the political and scientific agenda. To control organised crime, far-reaching legal and institutional reforms have been passed in all European states and ad hoc instruments have been adopted by all major international organisations, ranging from the European Union (EU) to the Council of Europe and the United Nations. The apparent consensus now dominating much European official and media discourse is in itself astonishing since until the mid-1980s the scientific communities, political leaderships and public opinions of virtually all European countries aside from Italy considered themselves largely unaffected by organised crime. This perception began to change in the late 1980s. Several long-term processes and a variety of both far-reaching and localised historical events contributed to the European and international success of the organised crime concept. Some of these changes and occurrences directly impinge on the activities and perpetrators typically associated with organised crime; others are related to them only indirectly. Among the former, the rise of the illegal drug and human smuggling industries are the most prominent. Among the latter, the most relevant are the worldwide processes of globalisation, the fall of the Iron Curtain in 99 and the completion of the internal market and the abolition of internal border controls within the countries of the European Community (integrated into the Union in 1993). These wider societal processes have affected not only the organisation and flow of illegal markets, particularly in the countries previously belonging to the communist bloc, but also the general perception of organised crime. Throughout Europe, organised crime-particularly in its transnational variant-has become one of the most frequent and successful labels to express the rising sense of insecurity caused by the sudden collapse of the bipolar world and, more generally, public anxiety at living in late modernity's increasingly uncertain world. Specific events reinforced such a perception change. Great impact was in particular exercised by the murders of Judges Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino in 1992 and the bombs attacks in Continental Italy Organised Crime and Its Control Policies