MIS 5a and MIS 3 relatively high sea-level stands on the Hatay—Samandağ Coast, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey by Uğur Doğan, Ali Koçyiğit, Baki Varol, İsmail Özer, Anatoly Molodkov, Emre Zöhra, 2012 (original) (raw)
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Quaternary International, 2012
The coastal belt of HatayeSamanda g in the East Mediterranean is marked by the intersection of the AfricaneArabian and Eurasian (Anatolian platelet) plates, where several Quaternary shorelines related to relative sea-level changes can be seen above the current sea level. In this study, the most common and best preserved high sea-level markers of the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 and MIS 3 shorelines were dated for the first time using the mollusc-based electron spin resonance (ESR) method. As a result of this research, the age of the late MIS 5 and MIS 3 sea-level highstands in the Eastern Mediterranean, the elevation of the corresponding shoreline at Samanda g coast, and the vertical component of the late Quaternary tectonic movements, which has an impact on shoreline, were determined. The shorelines at 48e43 m elevations between Çevlik and Samanda g, at 58.6 m in Tekebaşı and at 21 m at Kelda g have been dated to approximately 72 ka and, therefore, are correlated with MIS 5a. The shoreline at 40e39 m elevations between Çevlik and Samanda g has been dated to approximately 53 ka and, therefore, is correlated with MIS 3. According to the position of the MIS 5a shorelines, the uplift rate over the last 72 ka was 0.88 mm/y between Çevlik and Samanda g, 1.08 mm/y in Tekebaşı, and 0.56 mm/y in Kelda g, yielding a 0.84 mm/y average. This rather fast uplift appears to be related to the vertical component of the strike-slip active faults in the Samanda geAntakya Fault Zone.
Quaternary …, 2011
The coastal belt of HatayeSamanda g in the East Mediterranean is marked by the intersection of the AfricaneArabian and Eurasian (Anatolian platelet) plates, where several Quaternary shorelines related to relative sea-level changes can be seen above the current sea level. In this study, the most common and best preserved high sea-level markers of the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 and MIS 3 shorelines were dated for the first time using the mollusc-based electron spin resonance (ESR) method. As a result of this research, the age of the late MIS 5 and MIS 3 sea-level highstands in the Eastern Mediterranean, the elevation of the corresponding shoreline at Samanda g coast, and the vertical component of the late Quaternary tectonic movements, which has an impact on shoreline, were determined. The shorelines at 48e43 m elevations between Çevlik and Samanda g, at 58.6 m in Tekebaşı and at 21 m at Kelda g have been dated to approximately 72 ka and, therefore, are correlated with MIS 5a. The shoreline at 40e39 m elevations between Çevlik and Samanda g has been dated to approximately 53 ka and, therefore, is correlated with MIS 3. According to the position of the MIS 5a shorelines, the uplift rate over the last 72 ka was 0.88 mm/y between Çevlik and Samanda g, 1.08 mm/y in Tekebaşı, and 0.56 mm/y in Kelda g, yielding a 0.84 mm/y average. This rather fast uplift appears to be related to the vertical component of the strike-slip active faults in the Samanda geAntakya Fault Zone.
Comment on "MIS 5a and MIS 3 relatively high sea-level stands on the Hatay-Samandağı coast, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey". U. Doğan, A. Koçyiğit, B. Varol, İ. Özer, A. Molodkov, E. Zöhra. Quaternary International (2012), 2012
Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2014
Near Hatay, the Antakya-Samandag -Cyprus Fault (ASCF), East Anatolian and Dead Sea Fault Zones, the large faults that form the edges of the African, Anatolian, Cyprus and Arabian Plates, all produce large earthquakes, which have decimated Hatay repeatedly. Near Samandag, Hatay, differential vertical displacement on the ASCF has uplifted the southeastern side relative to northwestern side, producing large fault scarps that parallel the Asi (Orontes) River. Tectonic uplift coupled with Quaternary sealevel fluctuations has produced several stacked marine terraces stranded above current sealevel. This study dated 24 mollusc samples from 10 outcrops on six marine terraces near Samandag electron spin resonance (ESR). Ages were calculated using time-averaged and volumetrically averaged external dose rates, modelled by assuming typical water depths for the individual species and sediment thicknesses estimated from geological criteria. Uplift rates were then calculated for each fault block. At all the Magaracık terraces, the dates suggest that many shells were likely reworked. On the 30 m terrace at Magaracık IV (UTM 766588-3999880), Lithophagus burrows with in situ shells cross the unconformity. One such shell dated to 62 + + + + + 6 ka, setting the minimum possible age for the terrace. For all the Magaracık terraces at ∼30 m above mean sealevel (amsl), the youngest ages for the reworked shells, which averaged 60 + + + + + 3 ka for six separate analyses, sets the maximum possible age for this unit. Thus, the terrace must date to 60-62 + + + + + 3 ka, at the MIS 3/4 boundary when temperatures and sealevels were fluctuating rapidly. Older units dating to MIS 7, 6, and 5 likely were being eroded to supply some fossils found in this terrace. At Magaracık Dump (UTM 765391-4001048), ∼103 m amsl, Ostrea and other shells were found cemented in growth position to the limestone boulders outcropping there <2.0 m above a wave-eroded notch. If the oysters grew at the same time as the wave-cut notch and the related terrace, the date, 91 + + + + + 13 ka, for the oysters, this fault block has been uplifted at 1.19 + + + + + 0.15 m ky 21 , since MIS 5c. At Samandag Kurt Stream at 38 m amsl, molluscs were deposited fine sandy gravel, which was likely formed in a large tidal channel. Four molluscs averaged 116 + + + + + 5 ka. If these molluscs have not been reworked, this fault block has uplifted at 0.34 + + + + + 0.05 m ky 21 since the MIS 5d/5e boundary. The differences in these uplift rates suggests that at least one, and possibly two, hitherto undiscovered faults may separate the Magaracık Dump site from the other Magaracık sites and from the Samandag Kurt Stream site.
Quaternary International, 2011
This paper provides new relative sea level data inferred from coastal archaeological sites located along the Turkish coasts of the Gulf of Fethye (8 sites), and Israel, between Akziv and Caesarea (5 sites). The structures selected are those that, for effective functioning, can be accurately related to sea level at the time of their construction. Thus their positions with respect to present sea level provide a measure of the relative sea level change since their time of construction. Useful information was obtained from the investigated sites spanning an age range ofe2.3ee 1.6 ka BP. The inferred changes in relative sea level for the two areas are distinctly different, from a rise of 2.41 to 4.50 m in Turkey and from 0 to 0.18 m in Israel. Sea level change is the combination of several processes, including vertical tectonics, glacioehydro-isostatic signals associated with the last glacial cycle, and changes in ocean volume. For the Israel section, the present elevations of the MIS-5.5 Tyrrhenian terraces occur at a few meters above present sea level and vertical tectonic displacements are small. Data from GPS and tide gauge measurements also indicate that any recent vertical movements are small. The MIS-5.5 shorelines are absent from the investigated section of the Turkish coast, consistent with crustal subsidence associated with the Hellenic Arc. The isostatic signals for the Israel section of the coast are also small (ranging from À0.11 mm/yr to 0.14 mm/yr, depending on site and earth model) and the observed (eustatic) average sea level change, corrected for this contribution, is a rise of 13.5 AE 2.6 cm during the past e2 ka. This is attributed to the time-integrated contribution to sea level from a combination of thermal expansion and other increases in ocean volume. The observed sea levels from the Turkish sites, in contrast, indicate a much greater rise of up to 2.2 mm/yr since 2.3 ka BP occurring in a wide area between Knidos and Kekova. The isostatic signal here is also one of a rising sea level (of up toe1 mm/yr and site and earthmodel dependent) and the corrected tectonic rate of land subsidence ise1.48 mm/yr. This is the primary cause of dramatic relative sea level rise for this part of the coast.
Emerged marine terraces and paleoshorelines along plate margins are prominent geomorphic markers that can be used to quantify the rates and patterns of crustal deformation. The northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau has been interpreted as an actively deforming orogenic wedge between the North Anatolian Fault and the Black Sea. Here we use uplifted marine terraces across principal faults on the Sinop Peninsula at the central northern side of the Pontide orogenic wedge to unravel patterns of Quaternary faulting and orogenic wedge behavior. We leveled the present-day elevations of paleo-shorelines and dated marine terrace deposits using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to determine coastal uplift. The elevations of the paleoshorelines vary between 4 AE 0.2 and 67 AE 1.4 m above sea level and OSL ages suggest terrace formation episodes during interglacial periods at ca 125, 190, 400 and 570 ka, corresponding to marine isotopic stages (MIS) 5e, 7a, 11 and 15. Mean apparent vertical displacement rates (without eustatic correction) deduced from these terraces range between 0.02 and 0.18 mm/a, with intermittent faster rates of up to 0.26 mm/a. We obtained higher rates at the eastern and southern parts of the peninsula, toward the hinterland, indicating non-uniform uplift across the different morphotectonic segments of the peninsula. Our data are consistent with active on-and offshore faulting across the Sinop Peninsula. When integrated with regional tectonic observations, the faulting pattern reflects shortening distributed over a broad region of the northern margin of the Central Anatolian Plateau during the Quaternary.
Journal of Coastal Research, 2011
. Coastal uplift along the Eastern Black Sea coast: new marine terrace data from Eastern Pontides, Trabzon (Turkey) and a review. An emerged, Quaternary, marine terrace sequence has been investigated near Trabzon, Turkey, along a ,20-km-long stretch of the coast of the southeastern Black Sea. The sequence includes seven principal marine terraces. The terraces are frequently compound and include up to three second-order marine terraces. The upper shoreline angles of the main terraces were found at the following maximum elevations above mean sea level: 3 6 0.5 m (TH), 12 6 3 m (T1), 36 6 2 m (T2), 79 6 9 m (T3), 120 6 3 m (T4), 138 6 10 m (T5), and 260 6 25 m (T6). Fossil bivalves and gastropods from the TH, T1, T2, and T3 deposits have been dated by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). The results show that the ages of the deposits from the TH, T1, T2, and T3 terraces are 5.141 6 0.294 ka, 124.8 6 26.0 ka, 292.5 6 49.8 ka, and 407.998 6 67.475 ka, respectively. Consequently, we correlate TH, T1, T2, and T3 to marine isotope stage (MIS) 1, 5e, 9, and 11, which correspond to ,5, ,123, ,321, and ,400 ka highstands, respectively. Estimated uplift rates deduced from the elevations of T1, T2, and T3 are 0.07 6 0.05, 0.10 6 0.02, 0.17 6 0.03 mm/y or m/ka. These results show nonsteady, longterm uplift rates. Extrapolation of the oldest uplift rate (i.e., determined on the highest dated terrace) shows that in the region of Trabzon, Turkey, coastal, positive, vertical deformations are recorded at ,2 Ma, which corresponds to the extrapolated age of the highest terrace in the sequence. Comparison with other sequences on the Black Sea coast reveals a rather weak uplift in this zone, which can be considered significative for the recent uplift of the Eastern Pontides.