Effect of Exercise on Cognitive Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Review of Intervention Trials and Recommendations for Public Health Practice and Research (original) (raw)
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The Effects of Exercise Programs on Cognition in Older Adults: A Review
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 2009
Van Uffelen JGZ, Chin A Paw MJM, Hopman-Rock M, van Mechelen W. The effects of exercise on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive decline: a systematic review. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18:486-500. Objective: To review the evidence from randomized controlled trials of the effects of physical exercise on cognition in older adults with and without cognitive decline. Data sources: PubMed, EMBASE, CEN-TRAL (Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials), PsycINFO, and AgeLine were searched up to April 22, 2008, for clinical trials using terms relating to older adults, physical activity and exercise, types of exercise, and cognitive processes and decline. Additional articles were sought in the authors' own databases. Study selection: The selection criteria for a study were: a randomized controlled trial; a sample of older adults who were cognitively healthy or cognitively impaired or who had dementia but no other mental disorder; the intervention was physical exercise; cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychologic tests; and the report was full-text, in English. Two independent reviewers assessed the abstracts of 79 potentially relevant articles of 1059 identified. The full text of 31 articles was retrieved, and 23 studies met selection criteria. Data extraction: Data on the study population, intervention, and outcomes were extracted by the same 2 reviewers. The study methods were rated on the Delphi scale (9 criteria, with a score of 5/9 rated high quality). Main results: Most of the study participants were women and most of the interventions were group based. No studies found any diminution in cognitive ability
The Effects of Physical Exercise on Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Review
"More people are reaching an older age today than ever before and the incidence of dementia is thus expected to rise. It is therefore important to investigate possible prevention of dementia and cognitive decline using cost-effective life-style changes. In this chapter we present a literature review of observational studies into exercise and cognition in the elderly and treatment studies using different types of exercise interventions and the effect these have on cognitive function. Many studies reported that physical activity can help to maintain cognitive abilities into old age, but not all treatment studies have found positive effects of exercise. This could be related to a variety of factors. We discuss the use of different cognitive tests and different measures of exercise and the influence this can have on whether a beneficial effect of exercise is found or not. We also explore a variety of participant and intervention characteristics that may moderate the effect of exercise on cognitive function. The results of this review suggest that there may be a relationship between physical activity and cognition. However, more future work is required in this area to establish exactly what type of exercise is most efficient and who may benefit from it."
Ageing Research Reviews, 2014
Data from epidemiological, cross-sectional, and neuroimaging research show a relationship between higher levels of exercise and reduced risk of cognitive decline but evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is less consistent. This review examines the impact of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and Tai Chi on the cognitive function of older adults without known cognitive impairment. We investigate explanations for inconsistent results across trials and discrepancies between evidence from RCTs and other research data. Twenty-five RCTs were included in the review. Meta-analysis results revealed significant improvements for resistance training compared to stretching/toning on measures of reasoning (p < 0.005); and for Tai Chi compared to 'no exercise' controls on measures of attention (p < 0.001) and processing speed (p < 0.00001). There were no significant differences between exercise and controls on any of the remaining 26 comparisons. Results should be interpreted with caution however as differences in participant profiles, study design, exercise programmes, adherence rates, and outcome measures contribute to both discrepancies within the exercise research literature and inconsistent results across trials.
Journal of Aging Research, 2013
Studies supporting the notion that physical activity and exercise can help alleviate the negative impact of age on the body and the mind abound. This literature review provides an overview of important findings in this fast growing research domain. Results from cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention studies with healthy older adults, frail patients, and persons suffering from mild cognitive impairment and dementia are reviewed and discussed. Together these finding suggest that physical exercise is a promising nonpharmaceutical intervention to prevent age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
Effectiveness of Physical Activity on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.13\_Issue.7\_July2023/IJHSR-Abstract27.html, 2023
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ageing refers to change in the ability to think, learn and remember that occur as individuals age. Resistance exercise and Tai Chi exercise program for older adults undergoing cognitive aging and to examine the effectiveness of physical activity on cognitive performance in older adults. AIM: The aim of the study was to the effectiveness of physical activity on cognitive performance in older adults. METHOD: A sample of 30 patients within age group of 50-70 years were randomly divided into two groups, Group A was 15 subjects and Group B was15 subjects which were taken on basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and method of quasi randomized sampling. The subjects in group A were treated as control group followed by any kind of activities as they want to do, group B treated with resistance exercise and Tai Chi exercise for 5 months. The subjects' cognitive performance was assessed by Time Up and Go and Mini Mental State Examination. The pre and post-test result were tabulated and assessed. RESULTS: The study concluded that after 5 months the Resistance exercise and Tai Chi exercise program were significantly improving the cognitive performance in older adults. CONCLUSION: The result of the study suggested that physical activity shows improvement in cognitive performance apparently caused positive effects improved in cognition flexibility, working memory, verbal fluency and learning and avoiding negative impacts on quality of life, sleep quality and possibly on muscular strength and mental confusion in older adults.
Benefits of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults
Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 2016
As the world becomes more populated and more medically advanced, more people are starting to live longer. There are growing concerns for the health and well-being of an ever-growing population. Aging is accompanied by a series of changes, cognitive decline being one of them. As health becomes more challenging, physical activity may become more cumbersome. However, in many instances, physical activity has been found to prevent and delay cognitive decline. In fact, exercise may prove to be a powerful preventative measure against cognitive impairment in older adults. The aim of this chapter is to explore the evidence base of the effects of physical activity on cognitive decline prevention as well as to review the recommended guidelines for physical activity in this population based on findings in the field.
Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health
Background: Physical activity in the elderly is recommended by international guidelines to protect against cognitive decline and functional impairment. Objective: This Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was set up to verify whether medium-intensity physical activity in elderly people living in the community is effective in improving cognitive performance. Design: RCT with parallel and balanced large groups. Setting: Academic university hospital and Olympic gyms. Subjects: People aged 65 years old and older of both genders living at home holding a medical certificate for suitability in non-competitive physical activity. Methods: Participants were randomized to a 12-week, 3 sessions per week moderate physical activity program or to a control condition focused on cultural and recreational activities in groups of the same size and timing as the active intervention group. The active phase integrated a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic exercises, including drills of “life movements”, streng...