Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Goal in Climate Vulnerable Areas of SW Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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The term Climate Change is ubiquitous these days. The effects of climate changes too are ubiquitous. Nations worldwide feels the effect of climate changes -some more than others. Especially poor developing countries face large challenges caused by change climate. Climate changes pose a serious challenge for the developing countries to reach UNs Millennium Development Goals. In short can it be said, that climate changes might affect the fight against disease, hunger, poverty and environmental degradation. One initiative taken all over the world is to develop governmental strategies and action plans to cope with climate change. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has projected that under a business as usual scenario, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions could rise by 25-90 per cent by 2030 relative to 2000 and the earth could warm by 3°C in this century . Since least developed countries (LDCs) and developing countries are not significant emitters of GHGs they have lesser responsibility for its mitigation compared to the developed and industrialist countries. However, these countries will require substantial amount of resources to enable themselves for adaptation to climate change. The resource constraints as well as less emitting economic activities, livelihood patterns and life styles in these countries legitimize the demand for adequate compensation by the developed countries in terms of financial support, technology transfer and capacity building in order to cope with the risks of climate change. This Paper depicts through a pro-poor, climate resilient and low-carbon development strategy, based on -water vulnerability and adaptation to climate change; mitigation; technology transfer; and adequate and timely flow of funds for investment -within a framework of food, energy, water and livelihoods security.
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2023
Aims and Study Area: A study conducted to identify how climate change affects water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector for Barguna Sadar Upazila. Methodology: This study applied inductive reasoning methods with inductive and statistical generalization criteria. Used mixed method approach where both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from study areas. However, this study also triangulated findings from literature review and conducted Geo Spatial Analysis that enhanced the strength of the study findings. Results: From the quantitative findings it was identified that 32% reported they don't even know what the risk factors of climate change are, among them 41% female which is very alarming for WASH. However, from the KII respondents reported to have waterlogging, increase of temperature, heavy rainfall, and scarcity of water in their locality. 37% of respondents reported to not available the drinking water in all year round and they mentioned it happens due to lower groundwater level, increase salinity in water, damage of water source and draught. 60% of the respondents reported that their latrines were destroyed by a cyclone/tidal surge/water lodging and 33% reported to Original Research Article
Challenges of Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation in Bangladesh
2013
Adaptation is a policy instrument for facing the challenges posed by climate change. Government pursues adaptation in different ways aside from simply creating awareness about climate change and its effects. It makes rules for changing behaviour and practices which include National Action Plans, building codes, standardisations and so forth; provides loans to the affected communities, facilitates insurances, takes measures to correct market imperfections and grants financial incentives or discourages a specific behaviour through taxation; and strengthens institutional capacity, develops skills, supplies emergency relief and arranges rehabilitation, as well as constructing physical infrastructures, and repairing and maintaining the existing ones. These initiatives require additional resources and efforts which the developing countries, the most vulnerable to climate change, are unable to afford. For this reason, government needs to mainstream adaptation into their development plannin...
Response to Climate Change: Bangladesh Experience
2012
Due to the anticipated adverse global effects of climate change and consequent sea level rise (SLR) Climate refugees are the inevitable reality of our time. The management and resettlement of these climate refugees will exert a serious pressure on already dense urban centers of Bangladesh. Assuming the climate change forecasts to be true it calls for immediate action to limit the impacts of change; to reduce the vulnerability and to help the affected populace to adapt in place. The paper is a review on autonomous and planned adaptive measures taken at local and national level of the country in response to the current and anticipated geo-climatic risk. Review shows that, the GOB launched its National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) in 2005 which highlights the main adverse effects of climate change and identifies adaptation needs. Adaptation measure in agriculture is already in progress which in fact widens the opportunity for socio-spatial adaptation in vulnerable area. To date, adaptation in human settlements motivated by climate change has been observed to be minimal and mostly limited to coastal afforestation and construction of community and family shelters by the government and non government organization. Both short term and long term strategies are required for sustainable development. Embedding adaptive measures within the urban settlement infrastructure is either very costly or very slow. It is likely to be easier if action is taken in rural areas where development is still sparse as opposed to the dense urban area. In early 90's attempt had been taken for the development of cyclonic surge resistant settlement at Urir Char but the concept was not widely implemented. Urir Char experience proved its resilience and responsiveness to the context. The study concludes that, adaptation is the most viable and manageable of the responses to climate change especially for the least developed country like Bangladesh. The local coping measures to reduce vulnerability to existing climate related hazards (erosion, water logging, flooding, surge, cyclone) can also serve as means and guide for adapting to climate change.
Pathways of Climate-Resilient Health Systems in Bangladesh
Confronting Climate Change in Bangladesh. The Anthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science, 2019
Climate change is a complex phenomenon that will have a range of both anticipated and unexpected direct and indirect effects. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) affirms that recent decades have seen warming air and ocean temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, variations in the frequency and intensity of several extreme events including droughts, floods and storms and rising sea levels. The changing climate will adversely affect the health of human populations. These include primary or direct effects (e.g. increased deaths due to extreme weather events like cyclones); secondary or indirect effects (e.g. increased health problems due to disease vectors, such as malaria-carrying mosquitos and contaminated food and water); and tertiary or long-term effects (e.g. distractions for health and social services). This chapter provides an introduction to the relationship between climate change and human health, using the country-specific example of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a low-lying country in which extreme climatic events are a common phenomenon. With the objective of providing an overview of the likely health impacts caused by climate change, the chapter examines the relationship between three distinct climatic events – flooding, salinity intrusion and drought – in relation to human health. In Bangladesh, issues such as poor water quality, unhygienic environmental conditions and poor sanitation, exacerbate the impact of climate-sensitive diseases (diseases of which transmission is linked to climatic and weather conditions). This chapter provides a foundation for studying the relationship between the climatic characteristics of the study area, climate-sensitive diseases and other anthropogenic phenomena. It demonstrates the pathways of climate-resilient health systems in Bangladesh.
Building responsiveness to climate change through community based adaptation in Bangladesh
This article explores the drivers, benefits, and challenges to climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. It specifically investigates the "Community Based Adaptation to Climate Change through Coastal Afforestation Program," a 5-year $5 million adaptation scheme being funded and implemented in part by the Government of Bangladesh, United Nations Development Program, and Global Environment Facility. The article explores how the CBACC-CA builds various types of adaptive capacity in Bangladesh and the extent its design and implementation offers lessons for other adaptation programs around the world. The first part of the study begins by describing its research methods consisting of research interviews, site visits, and a literature review. It then summarizes six primary sectors vulnerable to climate change in Bangladesh: water resources and coastal zones, infrastructure and human settlements, agriculture and food security, forestry and biodiversity, fisheries, and human health. The article next describes the genesis and background behind the CBACC-CA, with an emphasis on components that promote capacity development, demonstration projects, risk reduction, and knowledge management. The article concludes that technology by itself is only a partial component of successful adaptation efforts, and that multiple and integrated adaptation measures that cut across sectors and social, institutional, and infrastructural dimensions are needed to truly build resilience and effectiveness.