Influence of larval food consumption on the fecundity of the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (original) (raw)
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Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 1993
Larvae of the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens)(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), were fed either an optimal or a suboptimal number of eggs of the moth Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) in the first and/or second larval instar, or in all three larval instars. Parameters for the duration, growth, and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food to body substance (ECI) of each instar were established for seven different dietary regimes. Larvae that had a suboptimal food supply in the first instar had a significantly longer developmental time, gained significantly less weight, and had a slightly lower ECI in that instar larvae. Suboptimally-fed second less, but remained only slightly longer in that instar and had a similar ECI to optimally-fed second instar larvae. The developmental time of suboptimally-fed third instar larvae was similar to that of optimally-fed larvae of that stage. Whereas the growth of the former was significantly less than that of larvae optimally fed in that instar, the ECI of the former was significantly higher. Despite the relatively smaller size of larvae fed suboptimally in the first and/or second instar, when such larvae were subsequently supplied with an overabundance of prey eggs, they consumed approximately the same number of eggs during the remainder of their larval life as did larvae whose food supply had not been restricted previously. When larvae were allowed to consume different numbers of eggs in their third instar, their gain in weight and therefore the weights attained by the resulting adults (based on the weights of 3-day-old cocoons) had a highly significant positive correlation with the number of eggs consumed in this instar.
Neotropical …, 2003
The effect of six natural diets on the development and reproduction of Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) was measured under laboratory conditions, at 23 ±1ºC temperature, 70 ± 10% RH, and photoperiod of 16L:8D. Larvae were reared on three types of diet (spring leaves, summer leaves and fruits) from two different host plants (apple tree and grapevine). Larval development, number of instars, survival, weight of pupae, fecundity, and fertility varied as a function of diets. The shortest time span of larval development, the greatest pupal weight, and the greatest adult fecundity and fertility was observed on insects feeding on spring apple leaves. The duration of larval development was longer on fruits than on leaves. The lowest larval survival occurred on apple fruits. Larvae with a higher number of instars generally had an increase in the time span of larval development. Larval development time span (4 out of 6 treatments) as well as pupal development time span (5 out of 6 treatments) was sex dependant. On all diets the females deposited the highest number of eggs on the first day of oviposition. The results obtained reinforce the hypothesis that the larvae of A. sphaleropa first feed on both apple and grapevine leaves, and then move to the fruits, where they cause serious damage.
Larval nutrition affects life history traits in a capital breeding moth
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2009
Fitness depends not only on resource uptake but also on the allocation of these resources to various life history functions. This study explores the life-history consequences of larval diet in terms not only of larval performance but also of adult body composition and reproductive traits in the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner). Caterpillars were reared on their preferred tree host, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), or on one of three artificial foods: high protein:low carbohydrate, equal protein-to-carbohydrate ratio or low protein:high carbohydrate. Survivorship, larval development rate and adult body size were lowest on the carbohydrate-biased diet and similar on the protein-biased and equal-ratio diets. Fecundity increased with body size but did not otherwise differ between diets. Moths reared on the carbohydrate-biased diet allocated a lower proportion of their mass to the ovaries and more to somatic growth whereas those on equal-ratio and protein-biased diets allocated more to reproductive tissue and less to somatic tissue. These differences in allocation to reproduction arose from differences in the size of eggs, an index of offspring quality. No differences were found in lipid and protein content of female ovaries, accessory glands or somatic tissue, or of the whole body of male moths. The findings show that physiological processes regulate the composition of the different components of the adult body. Diet effects occur as differences in overall body size and in relative allocation to these components. Although lepidopterans can, to a large extent, compensate post-ingestively for nutritionally deficient diets, investment in reproduction vs somatic growth depends on the nutrients available.
Effect of prey on predation, growth and biology of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi)
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
The larvae of the polyphagous predator, green lacewing [Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Petersen)] was reared on natural prey including cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), bean aphid (Aphis craccivora), nymphs of okra jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula), eggs and neonate larvae of Spodoptera litura and eggs of Corcyra cephalonica to study the effect of prey regimes on the predation and the biology of the predator. The lacewing grub preyed significantly highest number of prey units (415.50 eggs/ grub) of C. cephalonica eggs which was significantly more than the S. litura eggs (250.60 eggs/ grub), A. biguttula biguttula (185.00 nymphs/ grub), B. brassicae (127.50 aphids/grub), A. craccivora (119.00 aphids/grub) and neonates of S.litura (62.25 larvae/grub). The larval duration varied from 7.50 to 15.235 days on different preys which was seven day less in the grubs reared on eggs than the grubs fed on insect as prey. Larval survival was significantly highest (97.82%) on C. cephalonica eggs. The pupal period varied from 7.50 days to 8.63 days. The grubs reared on eggs of C. cephalonica and S. litura showed longer pupal period. On insects as prey, the growth index (GI) of larvae was significantly less (5.56-8.58) compared to the larvae reared on egg-hosts. The weight of grubs preying on other hosts was 35-50% less compared to those reared on C. cephalonica eggs. Relative inadequacy of lepidopteran neonates and aphids except B. brassicae as prey for the young larvae adversely affected the larval survival, GI and adult emergence may be due to reduced nutritional support exerting adverse effect on growth and causing moulting distress.
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2005
We examined the reproductive potential of three Orius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) species, O. strigicollis (Poppius), O. sauteri (Poppius) and O. minutus (Linnaeus), at different rearing temperatures (i.e., 17, 20, 23, 26, and 29°C) using the eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller) as a food source. Mean generation times of the three species were nearly the same at all temperatures. The net reproductive rate of O. minutus was higher than those of the other two species at 17, 20, 23, and 26°C, and that of O. strigicollis was the highest among the three species at 29°C. Interspecific differences of net reproductive rates were largest at 29°C. Although the intrinsic rate of natural increase did not differ among the three species from 17 to 26°C, the rate for O. strigicollis was far higher than that for O. sauteri and O. minutus at 29°C. These results suggest that interspecific differences in the reproductive potentials of the three species tend to become larger as the temperature increases. Thus, we infer that O. strigicollis is advantageous in a wider temperature range than O. sauteri and O. minutus.
Tropical Agricultural Research
The ladybird beetle,Cheilomenes sexmaculata is a potential biocontrol agent for use in augmentative release programmes. The survival (%) of coccinellid larvae varied significantly among the seven different selected diets (egg yolk, chicken liver, chicken liver with aphids, chicken liver with legume juice, aphids, house fly maggots, fish meal powder) (F=1478 df =98; 6 p<0.05). The highest survival was recorded when the larvae were fed on aphids (95.0 ± 3.0%). Larvae did not survive when fed on egg yolk and fish meal powder. The survival of L2 larvae was 72% when fed on chicken liver. The total larval duration significantly varied with different diets (F=767 df =63; 6 p<0.05). The shortest total larval duration was recorded when all larval instars were fed exclusively on aphids (7.60 ± 0.1days). When L2 larvae were fed on chicken liver, 10.86 ± 0.13 days were taken to develop into an adult. The highest growth rate was recorded when all larval instars were fed exclusively on aphids. The longest duration was recorded for L1 larvae fed on aphids and other three instars fed on chicken liver. To test the effect of substrates on the number of egg laid eggs laid during the lifespan, five substrates (plastic boxes, paper pieces, fresh bean leaves, bean cotyledons, sand layer) were also tested. It varied significantly among the five different substrates (F=2502.07 df =70: 4 p< 0.05). The highest number of eggs was laid on the sides of plastic boxes (n=823.7 ± 2.2) while the lowest number of eggs was laid on the sand layer (n= 80.1 ± 10.4). The findings indicate that the replacement of aphid feed by chicken liver for larval instars L2, L3 and L4 is possible with a compromised survival (%) of larvae.
Oecologia, 1984
Adult females of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, fed on a saturated honey solution, laid significantly more eggs than those individuals given water only or not fed at all. At 20°, the longevity of both male and female moths was significantly increased when they were supplied with a food source. At 10° fed male months were not significantly longer lived than unfed moths. Fed female moths at 10° were however, significantly longer lived than unfed individuals. At 20°, fed male moths lived longer than fed females (8.17 days as compared with 5.95 days). At 10°, fed female moths lived longer than fed males (16.00 days compared with 11.41 days). At 20°, weight loss in unfed females over the reproductive period was proportional to the number of eggs laid and the survival time of the individual. In fed females, no significant weight loss occurred over the reproductive period, irrespective of the number of eggs laid or the longevity of the individual. Egg production, even in fed females, over the life span of an individual was only a fifth of the total eggs present in the reproductive tract at eclosion. It is concluded that adult females of P. flammea are likely to require an extra external food source to achieve their full reproductive potential.