Constraint, cognition, and written numeration (original) (raw)

The scope of linguistic relativity in graphic and lexical numeration

Language & Communication

Number systems constitute one of the major domains in which language has been invoked as a source of variation in thought or cognition. The notion that the features of a language's numeral system index cognitive complexity in mathematics has been pervasive in anthropological linguistics, from nineteenth century unilinear evolutionists to contemporary neo-Whorfians. In particular, the extreme case of languages with small numerical vocabularies have attracted enormous scholarly interest, but other features for which representational effects on cognition are claimed include systemic irregularity and the presence of multiple parallel numeral systems (numeral classifiers and object-specific counting). Quite independently but relatedly, the comparison of graphic numerical notations has inferred cognitive advantages directly from notation, such as the idea that the Roman numerals limited Western mathematical progress. The question of cognitive effects of language is interwoven with issues of social complexity; in place of a pure relativistic language-thought relationship, the discussion has been, and continues to be framed through a triad of language structure-cognition-social structure. Recognizing the enormous cross-cultural variation in lexical numerals and numerical notations, how can we best evaluate the extent to which, and more importantly, the processes by which, they affect numerical cognition? An activity-based explanatory model in which materiality, discourse, and practice mutually engage to constitute knowledge systems allows us to move past the presumption that language structure has direct cognitive effects, without denying that there are linguistic patterns of real interest for future inquiry into numerical cognition.

Linguistic perspectives on numerical expressions

2007

How is our knowledge of the number system represented in numerical expressions in human language? After briefly discussing aspects of the development, morphosyntax, and use of number words, this introduction summarizes how the six contributions to this special issue approach this central question.

The Science of Numbers: does Language Help or Hinder?

2011

This paper examines Roy Harris’ discussion of number and the language of science in his book History, Science and the Limits of Language in light of recent work in cognitive linguistics. While many of his points are valid, linguistic theory has since addressed some of these concerns by formulating usage-based, cognitive frameworks to explore and understand language phenomena. These accounts show how the language of mathematics is construed by recourse to processes such as metaphor and metonomy.

The Influences of Different Number Languages on Numeracy Learning

2012

Number naming systems connect number words to quantities. For example, in English, the word eleven is used for the quantity that is also represented as 11 in Arabic digits. Number naming systems include words for both small (e.g., one, three) and large quantities (e.g., hundred, thousand), plus rules for combining them (e.g., 346 is three hundred and forty-six). Because each language has its own number naming system, studying these systems allows us to examine how language and culture affect numerical thinking. Examining how number languages influence number learning is important because mathematical competencies vary across cultures that have different languages. For example, children who speak Asian languages that have regular number naming systems (e.g., Chinese, Japanese) appear to acquire counting and place-value knowledge earlier than children who speak languages like English and French, which have irregular number naming systems (see more on irregular versus regular number na...

Knowledge of Number and Knowledge of Language: Number as a Test Case for the Role of Language in Cognition

The relationship between language and conceptual thought is an unresolved problem in both philosophy and psychology. It remains unclear whether linguistic structure plays a role in our cognitive processes. This special issue brings together cognitive scientists and philosophers to focus on the role of language in numerical cognition: because of their universality and variability across languages, number words can serve as a fruitful test case to investigate claims of linguistic relativism.