Evaluation of the Low Temperature Cracking Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) (original) (raw)
41 42 43 Word Count: 4409 + 7 figures (1750) + 3 tables (750) = 6909 44 45 46 1 2 In asphalt concrete, warm mix asphalt (WMA) has become one of the most popular methods 3 used to meet sustainability demands. Researchers have determined that WMA use can lead to 4 reductions in fuel consumption and emissions. Early literature hypothesized that an additional 5 benefit arising irrespective of the WMA additive/process used was decreased thermal cracking 6 susceptibility. The current study examined this hypothesis through laboratory testing involving 7 the use of four WMA mixtures produced at a reduced production temperature and a reference 8 hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. 9 10 The Disk-Shaped Compact Tension [DC(T)], Indirect Tension (IDT) and Acoustic Emission 11 (AE) tests were used to characterize the mixture low temperature properties. DC(T) fracture 12 energy results showed that the chemical additives improved fracture energy in comparison to 13 HMA while the organic and foaming additives reduced fracture energy. The IDT creep 14 compliance results produced similar results, where the two chemical additive modified WMA 15 systems increased mixture creep compliance, while the other two systems did not significantly 16 alter creep compliance as compared to the control HMA mixture. 17 18 AE testing provided further information regarding the low-temperature behavior of WMA 19 mixtures. The foaming additive displayed an embrittlement temperature similar to HMA while 20 the organic additive increased the embrittlement temperature. Furthermore, the two chemical 21 additive modified mixtures produced differing embrittlement temperatures. Upon completion of 22 this study, researchers concluded that thermal cracking resistance is not ensured by virtue of 23
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