Stress perfusion cardiac MRI in women (original) (raw)
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Circulation, 2005
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality for women in the United States. Coronary heart disease, which includes coronary atherosclerotic disease, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndromes, and angina, is the largest subset of this mortality, with Ͼ240 000 women dying annually from the disease. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is the focus of this consensus statement. Research continues to report underrecognition and underdiagnosis of CAD as contributory to high mortality rates in women. Timely and accurate diagnosis can significantly reduce CAD mortality for women; indeed, once the diagnosis is made, it does appear that current treatments are equally effective at reducing risk in both women and men. As such, noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic testing offers the potential to identify women at increased CAD risk as the basis for instituting preventive and therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, the recent evidence-based practice program report from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality noted the paucity of women enrolled in diagnostic research studies. Consequently, much of the evidence supporting contemporary recommendations for noninvasive diagnostic studies in women is extrapolated from studies conducted predominantly in cohorts of middle-aged men. The majority of diagnostic and prognostic evidence in cardiac imaging in women and men has been derived from observational registries and referral populations that are affected by selection and other biases. Thus, a better understanding of the potential impact of sex differences on noninvasive cardiac testing in women may greatly improve clinical decision making. This consensus statement provides a synopsis of available evidence on the role of the exercise ECG and cardiac imaging modalities, both those in common use as well as developing technologies that may add clinical value to the diagnosis and risk assessment of the symptomatic and asymptomatic woman with suspected CAD. (Circulation. 2005;111:682-696.) Key Words: AHA Scientific Statements Ⅲ women Ⅲ coronary disease Ⅲ imaging Ⅲ exercise testing C ardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality for women in the United States. Coronary heart disease, which includes coronary atherosclerotic disease, myocardial infarction (MI), acute coronary syndromes, and angina, is the largest subset of this mortality. Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is the focus of this consensus document. Although US men have experienced a decline in CAD deaths, the number of coronary deaths in women, Ͼ240 000 annually, has remained stable or has increased, depending on the study referenced. 1,2 CAD, which increases with advancing age, also is a substantial cause of morbidity and disability for US women. 3 Women, in particular young women (Ͻ55 years), have a worse prognosis from acute MI than their male counterparts, with a greater recurrence of MI and higher The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on December 23, 2004. A single reprint is available by calling 800-242-8721
JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, 2008
We wanted to assess the value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) stress testing for evaluation of women with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). B A C K G R O U N D A combined perfusion and infarction CMR examination can accurately diagnose CAD in the clinical setting in a mixed gender population. M E T H O D S We prospectively enrolled 147 consecutive women with chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of CAD at 2 centers (Duke University Medical Center, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus). Each patient underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation, a CMR stress test consisting of cine rest function, adenosine-stress and rest perfusion, and delayed-enhancement CMR infarction imaging, and X-ray coronary angiography within 24 h. The components of the CMR test were analyzed visually both in isolation and combined using a pre-specified algorithm. Coronary artery disease was defined as stenosis Ն70% on quantitative analysis of coronary angiography. R E S U L T S Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging was completed in 136 females (63.0 Ϯ 11.1 years), 37 (27%) women had CAD on coronary angiography. The combined CMR stress test had a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 84%, 88%, and 87%, respectively, for the diagnosis of CAD. Diagnostic accuracy was high at both sites (Duke University Medical Center 82%, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus 90%; p ϭ 0.18). The accuracy for the detection of CAD was reduced when intermediate grade stenoses were included (82% vs. 87%; p ϭ 0.01 compared the cutoff of stenosis Ն50% vs. Ն70%). The sensitivity was lower in women with single-vessel disease (71% vs. 100%; p ϭ 0.06 compared with multivessel disease) and small left ventricular mass (69% vs. 95%; p ϭ 0.04 for left ventricular mass Յ97 g vs. Ͼ97 g). The latter difference was even more significant after accounting for end-diastolic volumes (70% vs. 100%; p ϭ 0.02 for left ventricular mass indexed to end-diastolic volume Յ1.15 g/ml vs. Ͼ1.15 g/ml).
The American Journal of Cardiology, 1996
lschemia detection after on acute coronary event predicts subsequent cardiac evenk. However, gender-related aspects in the prevalence and prognostic significance of ischemia detection after an acute coronary event have not been reported. Noninvasive tests, which included resting 12lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 24hour ambulatory ECG, exercise ECG, and thallium-201 stress scintigraphy were performed in 936 stable patients (224 women and 712 men) 1 to 6 months (average 2.7) after an acute coronary event (i.e., myocardial infarction or unstable angina).
Prognosis in Women With Myocardial Ischemia in the Absence of Obstructive Coronary Disease
Circulation, 2004
Background— We previously reported that 20% of women with chest pain but without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) had stress-induced reduction in myocardial phosphocreatine–adenosine triphosphate ratio by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (abnormal MRS), consistent with myocardial ischemia. The prognostic implications of these findings are unknown. Methods and Results— Women referred for coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia underwent MRS handgrip stress testing and follow-up evaluation. These included (1) n=60 with no CAD/normal MRS, (2) n=14 with no CAD/abnormal MRS, and (3) n=352 a reference group with CAD. Cardiovascular events were death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, other vascular events, and hospitalization for unstable angina. Cumulative freedom from events at 3 years was 87%, 57%, and 52% for women with no CAD/normal MRS, no CAD/abnormal MRS, and CAD, respectively ( P <0.01). After adjusting for CAD and cardi...
Journal of Women's Health, 2011
Background: Much of our understanding of gender differences in chest pain was derived from noncontemporary reports. The aim of the current report was to compare the frequency of chest pain by measures of ischemia in 824 women with suspected myocardial ischemia prospectively enrolled in a clinical trial of exercise testing with electrocardiography (ETT-ECG) alone compared to myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (ETT-MPS). Methods: Women seeking evaluation of chest pain or anginal equivalent symptoms were randomized to ETT-ECG or ETT-MPS with Tc-99m tetrofosmin. The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) chest pain and Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) questionnaires were employed in enrolled women. Higher SAQ scores denote improved symptoms or functioning. Results: Eight hundred twenty-four women, average age 63 years, at intermediate-high coronary artery disease (CAD) likelihood were enrolled from 43 North American centers. Traditional cardiac risk factors were prevalent, with nearly half of women having a family history of premature coronary disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Chest pain symptoms occurring at least one to three times per week were reported in 60% of women. An examination of the SAQ domains revealed that although women reported minimal physical limitations (median, interquartile range [IQR] 88, 75-100), there was a greater frequency of stable chest pain symptoms (median, IQR = 40, 30-50). The majority of women (79%) reported moderate to heavy physical activity levels at home, with the average ETT and DASI estimated metabolic equivalents (METs) of 8.6 -2.6 and 11.5 -3.8. Women with more frequent daily episodes of chest pain were more likely to have a lower Duke Treadmill Score (DTS), 1 or mm of ST segment depression, and an abnormal MPS. Conclusions: The current report details a contemporary evaluation of female-specific symptomatology and measures of myocardial ischemia. Women reporting frequent angina were more likely to exhibit ischemia and this may characterize a female-specific typical angina pattern.
Understanding a woman's heart: Lessons from 14 177 women with acute coronary syndrome
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia, 2020
Introduction: Coronary artery disease is becoming the leading cause of death in women in Western society. However, the available data shows that women are still underdiagnosed and undertreated with guideline-recommended secondary prevention therapy, leading to a significantly higher rate of in-hospital complications and in-hospital mortality. Objective: The main objective of this work is to assess the approach to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Portugal, including form of presentation, in-hospital treatment and in-hospital complications, according to gender and in three different periods. Methods: We performed an observational study with retrospective analysis of all patients included between 2002 and 2019 in the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ProACS), a voluntary, observational, prospective, continuous registry of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology and the National Center for Data Collection in Cardiology. Results: A total of 49 113 patients (34 936 men and 14 177 women) were included. Obesity, hypertension, diabetes (p<0.001 for all) and dyslipidemia (p = 0.022) were all more prevalent in women, who were more frequently admitted for non-ST segment elevation ACS (p<0.001), and more frequently presented with atypical symptoms. Women had more time until needle and until reperfusion, which is less accessible to this gender (p<0.001). During hospitalization, women had a significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality (OR 1.94 [1.78-2.12], p<0.001), major bleeding (OR 1.53 [1.30-1.80], p<0.001), heart failure (OR 1.87 [1.78-1.97], p<0.001), atrial fibrillation (OR 1.55 [1.36-1.77], p<0.001), mechanical complications (OR 2.12 [1.78-2.53], p<0.001), cardiogenic shock (OR 1.71 [1.57-1.87], p<0.001) and stroke (OR 2.15 [1.76-2.62], p<0.001). Women were more likely to have a normal coronary