Presence and course of the incisive canal in the human mandibular interforaminal region: two-dimensional imaging versus anatomical observations (original) (raw)
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Anatomic and radiologic course of the mandibular incisive canal
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2000
The purpose of this article was to define the anatomic and radiographic courses of the incisive mandibular canal and discuss its clinical significance. The study group comprised of 46 hemimandibles fixed in formalin. After radiographic examination, the buccal cortical plate of the mandible was removed leaving the bony frame of the incisive bundle intact. The morphology of the bony walls of the canal was evaluated, as having complete, partial, or no cortical walls. The course of the intraosseous pathway of the canal and its diameter in four different locations were recorded.
International Journal of Dentistry, 2014
Objectives.The region between mental foramens is considered as a zone of choice for implants. However, complications may arise due to an extension anterior to the mental foramen that forms the mandible incisive canal [MIC]. Our goal is to evaluate identification of MIC by both panoramic radiograph [PAN] and cone-beam computed tomography [CBCT].Methods.150 cases with bilateral MIC were analyzed. Images of a radiolucent canal, within the trabecular bone, surrounded by a radiopaque cortical bone representing the canal walls, and extending to the anterior portion beyond the mental foramen, were considered by two independent radiologists as being images of MIC. PAN and CBCT of these cases were evaluated by 2 other radiologists at different times. Agreement between results of examination methods was assessed by the Kappa coefficient. The interexaminer and intramethod rates for detection of MIC were analyzed by the McNemar test. Gender, mandible side, examiner, and type of method were anal...
Appearance of the mandibular incisive canal on panoramic radiographs
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2004
Panoramic radiographs are routinely used in the dental office for various diagnostic purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the visibility of neurovascular structures in the mandibular interforaminal region on such radiographs. Panoramic radiographs were obtained with a Cranex Tome (Soredex) from 545 consecutive patients using a standard exposure and positioning protocol. For visibility scoring of neurovascular structures, a four-point rating scale was used. The mandibular canal and the mental foramen could be observed in the majority of the cases with good visibility. The lingual foramen was visualized in 71% of the cases, with good visibility in 12%. An incisive canal was identified in 15% of the images, with good visibility in only 1%. An anatomical variation to be considered is the anterior looping of the mental nerve (in 11% of images). Panoramic radiographs can be used for visualization of the mental foramen and a potential anterior looping but not for locating the mandibular incisive canal. To verify its existence for preoperative planning purposes, cross-sectional imaging modalities (HR-CT or spiral tomography) should be preferred.
2018
Volume 4 | Issue 2 Evaluation of the Mandibular Incisive Canal by Panoramic Radiography and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography GEDIZ GEDUK*1 and SUKRIYE ECE DOGAN2 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey 2 Department of Prosthetic Dentistry,Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey *Corresponding author: GEDIZ GEDUK, Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit, Faculty of Dentistry, 67100 Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey, Tel: +90 (372) 2613582, E-mail: gedizgeduk@gmail.com Research Article Open Access
Mandibular incisive canal in edentulous patients: Analysis by means of digital panoramic radiography
Dental Press Implantology, 2014
/ Introduction: he aim of this study was to radiographically assess the region between the mental foramina for the presence and characteristics of mandibular incisive canal, a major repair associated with postoperative complications of osseointegrated implant placement surgeries. Material and Methods: Fifty-two edentulous patients treated during twelve months in the Dental Clinics of the Federal University of Bahia underwent digital panoramic examination. he images were evaluated by a single radiologist and the presence of the mandibular incisive canal, its length, the shape of its trajectory and the distances from the alveolar crest and mandibular base were recorded. Results: he inal sample consisted of 49 exams. Mandibular incisive canal was observed in eight radiographs, and accounted for 16.3% of the population investigated, with length varying from 10.7 to 19.7 mm. Bilateral lesions were more frequent (50%), and so was the horizontal path (5 cases). Final consideration: he presence and intraosseous anatomy of mandibular incisive canal should not be ignored in surgical planning involving the anterior mandible region. his becomes critical to prevent perioperative complications and also to prevent the occurrence of sensory and bleeding disorders in the postoperative period.
Position and course of the mandibular canal in skulls
Objective. The aim of this study was to examine and describe the topography of the mandibular canal (MC) in both vertical and occlusal dimensions. Study Design. Fifty-two adult skulls deposited in the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine skull collection were evaluated in this study. Cone-beam computerized tomographic scans of each skull were obtained. Results. The vertical course of MC was classified into 3 types: straight projection (12.2%), catenary-like configuration (51.1%), and progressive descent from posterior to anterior (36.7%). The evaluation of the buccolingual dimension showed that the mandibular canal was located either in contact with or close to the lingual cortical plate (2 mm) in the molar region of the majority of the cases. As it proceeds anteriorly it moves toward the buccal aspect of the mandible, where it finally emerges through the mental foramen. Three emerging patterns of mandibular canal were observed: sharp turn (53.2%), soft curved exit (28.8%), and straight path (17.4%). The examination of the vertical dimension showed that the canal was located almost 1 cm above the inferior border of the mandible and then ascended to reach the mental foramen, which is located 16 mm (range 13.4-20.3 mm) above the inferior border of the mandible. We found a strong correlation between height of the mandible and location of the mental foramen (r 0.64; P .0001). Conclusions. The course of mandibular canal described in vertical and axial dimensions and variation in its path have been classified. In addition to variation in location of MC, it has different anatomic configurations which clinicians should be familiar with in any surgical procedures involving the posterior mandible. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 113:453-458)
Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal, 2012
Objectives: This study was conducted to assess appearance, visibility, location and course of anatomical landmarks in mandibular interforaminal region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Study design: A total of 96 CBCT examinations was re-evaluated to exploit anatomical landmarks. The examinations used the Promax 3D CBCT unit. A sole examiner carried out all the measurements. Visibilities of the anatomical landmarks were scored using a four-point rating scale. Results: The mandibular foramen, anterior loop, incisive canal and lingual foramen were observed in 100,84,83,49 % of the images, respectively. The mean size, diameter and width of anterior loop, incisive canal and lingual foramen were obtained 3.54± 1.41, 1.47±0.50 and 0.8 ± 0.09mm, respectively. Conclusion: It is not safe to recommend any definite distance mesially from the mental foramen. The diameter of the canals and foramens should be determined on a case-by-case basis to exploit the appropriate location for each individual.
Morphometrical analysis of the human mandibular canal: a CT investigation
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 2011
Purpose This study aimed to clarify the correct localization of the mandibular canal (MC) that is essential in order to avoid injuries to the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle during oral surgical procedures. Methods We have analyzed the position of the MC using computed tomography data bank examinations of the oral region from 50 partially dentulous Brazilian patients aging from 25 to 75 years old (mean ± SD values = 51.70 ± 4.50; females = 27; males = 23) that were obtained with the purpose of dental restoration and without any gross pathology of the mandible. Axial images were 1-mm-thick slices using bone regular algorithm, without intravenous contrast. Results We have measured (mean ± SD) the orthogonal distances between the MC and the following selected regions of the mandible: (a) the buccal cortical plate (6.10 ± 1.52 mm); (b) the inferior border of the mandible (10.55 ± 2.28 mm); (c) the lingual cortical plate (3.98 ± 1.14 mm); and (d) the superior border of the alveolar process (16.98 ± 2.85 mm). Conclusions Our morphometric findings may help clarifying the detailed anatomy of the MC and its topographical relations for the planning of dental implantation.
Mandibular Canal and Its Incisive Branch : A CBCT Study
World Family Medicine Journal/Middle East Journal of Family Medicine
Objective: Prevention from damage to the mandibular canal (MC) during invasive dental procedures is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the course of MC, anterior branch and its relation to mandibular teeth. Materials and Methods: In cross-sectional view, the MC diameter, the distance from root apex to MC, the distance of MC to mandibular lower border, the distance of MC from buccal and lingual cortical borders, from the distal root of third molar to first premolar in apex roots area of all posterior teeth were identified by using 207 CBCT images. The presence of the anterior loop, the position of mental foramen, position and diameter of incisive branch on the last visible point were also determined. Examples were divided into the groups in terms of age, sex and side and were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: The nearest root to the MC was the distal root of third molar in women less than 30 years (0.38±0.58 mm) and the most distant root was the second premolar tooth in men 30-50 years (6.06±2.20 mm). The most common site for mental foramen, was between premolars and the area between the first premolar and canine teeth was the most common site for incisive canal on the last point of view. There was no significant differences between right and left mandibular measurements. Conclusion: The position of MC towards mandibular posterior teeth is more influenced by age and sex. Also, the position of MC towards the bucco-lingual plate depends on the antero-posterior position of mental foramen. So any procedures in the mandibular posterior area should be performed with sufficient knowledge of the nervous canal.
2015
background and Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the spiral computed tomography (CT) scans for the presence/ location, course and dimension of the incisive canal and also to analyze the potential inter-examiner differences regarding incisive canal related-measurements. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 spiral CT scans were analyzed by three different observers (two oral radiologist and one periodontist) on predetermined sections by a CT specialist. Vertical and horizontal diameter of the incisive canal, the horizontal distance to the buccal and lingual borders, vertical distance to the teeth apicies/crest of ridge and inferior border were measured on CT scan sections. results: There was a good level of agreement regarding incisive canal related measurements among the three observers. Incisive canal may be located in a large variety of distances and diameters. A trend of decrease in the vertical and buccolingual diameter was noted as the canal proceeded medially. Inc...