LixCo0.4Ni0.3Mn0.3O2 electrode materials: Electrochemical and structural studies (original) (raw)
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Properties of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 as a high energy cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
−Nickel-rich layered materials are prospective cathode materials for use in lithium-ion batteries due to their higher capacity and lower cost relative to LiCoO 2. In this work, spherical Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursors are successfully synthesized through a co-precipitation method. The synthetic conditions of the precursors-including the pH, stirring speed, molar ratio of NH 4 OH to transition metals and reaction temperature-are investigated in detail, and their variations have significant effects on the morphology, microstructure and tap-density of the prepared Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursors. LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 is then prepared from these precursors through a reaction with 5% excess LiOH· H 2 O at various temperatures. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 (OH) 2 precursors and LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 were investigated. In the voltage range from 3.0 to 4.3 V, LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 193.0 mAh g −1 at a 0.1 Crate. The cathode delivers an initial capacity of 170.4 mAh g −1 at a 1 Crate , and it retains 90.4% of its capacity after 100 cycles.
Energies, 2010
There is ongoing effort to identify novel materials that have performance better than LiCoO 2 . The objective of this work is to explore materials in the system (1 -x -y) LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 • xLi 2 MnO 3 • yLiCoO 2 . A ternary composition diagram was used to identify sample points, and compositions for testing were initially chosen. Detailed characterization of the synthesized materials was done, including Rietveld Refinement of XRD data, XPS analysis for valence state of transition-metals, SEM for microstructure details, and TGA for thermal stability of the materials. Electrochemical performance showed that discharge capacities on the order of 230 mAh/g were obtained. Preliminary results showed that these materials exhibit good cycling capabilities thereby positioning these materials as promising for Li-ion battery applications.
ChemElectroChem, 2015
An integrated layered-spinel LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 was synthesized by self-combustion reaction (SCR), characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. It was studied as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries and its electrochemical performance was compared with that of the layered cathode materialLiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 being operated at a wide potential window. The Rietveld analysis of LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 indicated the presence of monoclinic Li[Li 1/3 Mn 2/3 ]O 2 (31%) and rhombohedral (LiNi x Mn y Co z O 2 ) (62 %) phases as the major components, and spinel (LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ) (7 %) as a minor component, which is well supported by TEM and electron diffraction. A discharge specific capacity of about 170 mAh g -1 is obtained in the potential range of 2.3-4.9 V vs. Li at low rate (C/10) with excellent capacity retention upon cycling. On the other hand, LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 (NMC111) synthesized by SCR exhibits an initial discharge capacity of about 208 mAh g -1 in the potential range of 2.3-4.9 V, which decreases to a value of 130 mAh g -1 after only 50 cycles. In turn, the multiphase structure of LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 seems to stabilize the behavior of this cathode material even when polarized to high potentials. LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 shows superior retention of average discharge voltage upon cycling as compared to that of LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 when cycled in a wide potential range. Overall, ChemElectroChem 10.1002/celc.201500339 2 LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.54 Co 0.13 O 2 can be considered as a promising low cobalt content cathode material for Li ion batteries.
IJRED (International Journal of Renewable Energy Development), 2024
In order to fulfill the demand for high energy and capacity, an electrode with high-voltage capability, namely LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) that has an operating potential of up to 4.7 V vs Li/Li + , is currently becoming popular in Li-ion battery chemistries. This research produced LNMO by using a solid-state method with only one-step synthesis route to compare its electrochemical performance with different lithium sources, including hydroxide (LNMO-LiOH), acetate (LNMO-LiAce), and carbonate (LNMO-LiCar) precursors. TGA/DSC was first performed for all three sample precursors to ensure the optimal calcination temperature, while XRD and SEM characterized the physical properties. The electrochemical measurements, including cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge, were conducted in the half-cell configurations of LNMO//Li-metal using a standard 1 M LiPF6 electrolyte. LNMO-LiOH samples exhibited the highest purity and the smallest particle size, with values of 93.3% and 418 nm, respectively. In contrast, samples with higher impurities, such as LNMO-LiCar, mainly in the form of LixNi1-xO (LiNiO), displayed the largest particle size. The highest working voltage possessed by LNMO-LiOH samples was 4.735 V vs Li/Li +. The results showed that LNMO samples with LiNiO impurities would affect the reaction behavior that occurs at the cathode-electrolyte interface during the release of lithium-ions, resulting in high resistance at the battery operations and decreasing the specific capacity of the LNMO during discharging. The highest value, shown by LNMO-LiOH, was up to 92.75 mAh/g. On the other side, LNMO-LiCar only possessed a specific capacity of 44.57 mAh/g, indicating a significant impact of different lithium sources in the overall performances of LNMO cathode.
Electrochemical Properties of LiCo0.4Ni0.6O2 and its Performances in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Sri Lankan Journal of Physics, 2008
Intercalation cathode materials belonging to the 4-volt class electrodes, lithiated cobalt oxide LiCoO 2 and lithiated nickel cobalt oxide LiCo 0.4 Ni 0.6 O 2 , were synthesized by sol-gel technique. The structural characteristics of the compounds were studied using XRD, FTIR and DSC. The compounds were used as cathode materials for assembling rechargeable lithium-batteries and their electrochemical performances were studied. The potentiostat and galvanostat techniques were used to determine the electrochemical characteristics. The irreversible capacity loss of LiCoO 2 during the first charge-discharge is about 20% and for LiCo 0.4 Ni 0.6 O 2 is about 90% for two different current rates of 5 and 10 A kg-1. The overall electrochemical capacity of LiCo 0.4 Ni 0.6 O 2 has been drastically reduced due to the s-block or p-block metal substitution. Also the un-reacted materials remained as impurities gave a very poor cycleability. However more stable charge-discharge performances have been observed for LiCoO 2 at different current rates. Differences and similarities between these two cathode materials in batteries are also discussed. The Li-ion batteries were assembled using the sol-gel synthesized cathode materials, natural untreated vein graphite of Sri Lanka as the anode material and 1 M LiPF 6 in EC/DMC as liquid electrolyte, and their performances were tested.
Journal of Power Sources, 2007
As a cathode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries, LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 (LNCO) is one of the most attractive candidates for high power electronic devices. In the present work, we have synthesized LNCO powder by solid-state route. The discharge capacity and the capacity retention of LNCO cathode are found to be ∼100 mAh g−1 and ∼63%, respectively. Molybdenum doping, replacing parts of cobalt ion in LNCO lattice increases the discharge capacity (∼157 mAh g−1) and improve its capacity retention characteristics. Through X-ray Rietveld analyses, we have found that Mo doping increases the inter-slab spacing between the (Co,Ni)O2 octahedral layers which provides easier Li1+ intercalation leading to improved electrochemical properties in the modified cathode.
Chemistry of Materials, 2010
The layered oxide cathode material LiMO 2 , where M = Ni 0.9-y Mn y Co 0.1 and 0.45 e y e 0.60, was synthesized by a coprecipitation method. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the maximum manganese content in the stoichiometric material, i.e. with Li:M = 1, cannot exceed 50%; otherwise, a second phase is formed. Rietveld refinement reveals that increasing manganese content suppresses the disorder between the lithium and nickel ions. Magnetic measurements show that part of the Mn 4þ ions in the manganese rich compounds is reduced to Mn 3þ ; this results in a larger hysteresis loop due to the increased magnetic moment of the resulting ferrimagnetically ordered clusters. LiNi 0.4 Mn 0.5 Co 0.1 O 2 and LiNi 0.45 Mn 0.45 Co 0.1 O 2 show similar electrochemical capacities of around 180 mAh/g (between 2.5 and 4.6 V at 0.5 mA/cm 2) for the first discharge. However, subsequent cycling of LiNi 0.4 Mn 0.5 Co 0.1 O 2 results in faster capacity loss and poorer rate capability indicating that manganese rich compounds, with Li:M = 1:1, are probably not suitable candidates for lithium batteries.
Journal of Power Sources, 2019
The targeted optimization of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) requires a fundamental understanding of the wide variety of interdependencies between electrode design and electrochemical performance. In the present study, the effects of thickness and porosity on the electrochemical performance and Li-ion insertion kinetics of LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2-based (NCM-622) cathodes are investigated. Cathodes of different thickness and porosity are prepared and analyzed regarding their rate capability. The polarization behavior is investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A simple mathematical model is employed to estimate the impact of Li-ion diffusion limitations in the electrolyte. The results are considered at both, the materials and the full-cell level. The design parameters are found to have distinct impact on the electrolyte, contact and charge transfer resistance as well as the Li-ion diffusion limitations in the electrolyte, significantly influencing the rate capability. The results attest an inherent tradeoff between energy and power density. The insights of this study can be used straightforward for the optimization of gravimetric and volumetric energy density of LIBs depending on the desired application.
Effect of Different Stoichiometry on the Electrochemical Behaviour of LiCoxNi1-xO2 Cathode Materials
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018
Pure, single phase, layered LiCo x Ni 1-x O 2 materials with good cation ordering are not easy to synthesize. Here, solid solutions of LiCo x Ni 1-x O 2 (x = 0.1,0.2 and 0.3) were synthesized using a self-propagating combustion route and characterized. All the materials were observed to be phase pure and that cobalt has been successfully substituted in the crystal lattice. Their electrochemical properties were investigated by a series of charge-discharge cycling in the voltage range of 3.0 to 4.3 V. It was found that some of the stoichiometries exhibit specific capacities comparable or better than that of LiCoO 2 .