A statistical estimation of average IP packet delay in cellular data networks (original) (raw)
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A new, low computation complexity technique for prediction of the average delay of IP packets, transported over cellular data networks with SR-ARQ loop, is presented in this paper. This prediction takes into account the SR-ARQ influence on the average IP packet delay, assuming that the MAC works with a static schedule policy (offering a fixed periodic access to radio resources). This assumption allows the use of this prediction as a link performance descriptor that is complementary to C/I, BER and BLER. A series of simulations and calculations have been performed to analyze the error introduced by the prediction. The results of these tests prove that the proposed method introduces a negligible prediction error, while the computation complexity is kept at a reasonable low level.
A statistical analysis of IP packet delay and jitter in cellular networks
2004
A novel methodology is proposed for the analysis of the IP packet delay performance of SR-ARQ mechanisms in a generalized wireless system. A simulation model of the system including a novel channel model is described and results are obtained for a range of IP packet size. To demonstrated the efficacy of the methodology, the test scenario is tailored to the transmission of small packets containing real-time data carried over an EGPRS system. The results show that the use of a mean value for IP packet delay estimation is of limited use when small packets are considered.
An analysis of delay of small IP packets in cellular data networks
Fifth IEE International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies (3G 2004) The Premier Technical Conference for 3G and Beyond, 2004
The delay characteristics of small IP packets in cellular data networks is investigated through the analysis of the SR-ARQ mechanism. The delay of the radio link controller is taken as the primary delay in the radio access network and all core networking delays are neglected. Results indicate that the average delay may be a misleading measure of system performance for conversational traffic such as Voice over IP packets.
A Packet Delay Assessment Model in the Data Link Layer of the LTE
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 2021
The issues of modeling and evaluating the characteristics of the LTE data link layer functioning are considered. Transmitting packets in the data link layer are represented by a probabilistic-temporal graph consisting of two subgraphs. The first subgraph describes the operation of the HARQ protocol, and the second subgraph describes the operation of the ARQ protocol. The first subgraph is nested within the second subgraph. The probabilities of correct reception, non-error detection, and retransmission of packets in the MAC and RLC layers and generating functions of the packet service time based on the HARQ and ARQ protocols are determined. With the help of generating functions, the average value, variance, and coefficient of variation of the packet service time are determined. To calculate the average packet delay time in the LTE data link layer, the type of queuing system is selected, taking into account the coefficient of variation of the packet service time. The analysis of packets'...
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2003
In this paper, we consider a point-to-point wireless transmission where link layer ARQ is used to counteract channel impairments. In particular, we refer, as an example, to a 3G cellular system, where a dedicated channel is used between a mobile terminal and its serving base station. Our aim is to find accurate and fast heuristics for the characterization of link layer and higher level (e.g., application level) packet delay. Existing methods to obtain such statistics are often based on recursive computations or largesized matrix manipulations. For these reasons, they are too complex to be successfully applied in a mobile terminal due to memory, delay, and energy constraints. In this paper, we first present an analytical framework to compute link-layer packet delivery delay statistics as a function of the packet error rate; then we extend the model in order to find the statistics related to higher level packets (i.e., to aggregates of link layer packets). Both in-order and out-oforder delivery of link-layer packets to higher levels are considered. The goodness of the channel model considered in the analysis is proved by means of accurate channel simulation results. The obtained statistics are then characterized by highlighting their properties as a function of the round-trip time and the error rate at the link layer. Finally, fast and accurate heuristics are derived directly from the analysis. These heuristics are very simple (piecewise linear functions), so they can be effectively used in a mobile terminal to obtain accurate delay statistics estimates with little computational effort.
2005
Cellular networks are gradually shifting from voice only to voice and data due to increased demand for WWW, FTP and multi-media messaging. This has substantially increased the volume of cellular data traffic. Schemes have been proposed for co-existence and fair sharing of the available bandwidth between circuit switched voice and packetized data traffic. One popular scheme is based on delaying the last incoming acceptable voice call for a random amount of time and utilizing this time to service the accumulated data traffic to prevent excessive queuing delay in delivering the data traffic. However, this delay time has been usually modeled as being exponentially distributed. In this paper, this delay is modeled as a uniformly distributed random variable instead. This scheme is extended by delaying more than one call. Performance measures like voice and data blocking probability is plotted as function of last call delay.
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General Packet Radio service (GPRS) is a part of the evaluation path towards 3G. This paper investigates the effect of using adaptive overlapping between adjacent cells on the data sessions within GPRS system. A simulator model was developed to study the behavior of data transmission between a GPRS server and data terminals via air interface. Simulation results show the trustworthiness and validity of the proposed approach even at high offered traffic.
Service Modeling and Delay Analysis of Packet Delivery over a Wireless Link
arXiv (Cornell University), 2022
For delay analysis of packet delivery over a wireless link, several novel ideas are introduced. One is to construct an equivalent G/G/1 non-lossy queueing model to ease the analysis, enabled by exploiting empirical models of packet error rate, packet service time and packet loss rate obtained from measurement. The second is to exploit a classical queueing theory result to approximate the mean delay. For estimating the delay distribution, the newly developed stochastic network calculus (SNC) theory is made use of, forming the third idea. To enable this SNC based analysis, a stochastic service curve characterization of the link is introduced, relying on a packet service time model obtained from the empirical models. The focused link is a 802.15.4 wireless link. Extensive experimental investigation under a wide range of settings was conducted. The proposed ideas are validated with the experiment results. The validation confirms that the proposed approaches, integrating both empirical and analytical modes, are effective for service modeling and delay analysis. This suggests an integrated approach, now found previously, for quantitative understanding of the delay performance of packet delivery over a wireless link. Equvalent packet arrival Received packets
Inter-arrival time distribution for channel arrivals in cellular telephony
1998
In this paper different probability density functions are fitted to the inter-arrival time in a channel of a Cellular Mobile Telephony system. The approach is entirely experimental: the data set to be fitted has been obtained on an actual system in operation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) goodness-of-fit test is used in order to establish a ranking of the best fitting probability density functions. From this study it can be concluded that the arrivals to a channel in a cell are according to a smooth process.
Real-time delay statistics in wireless IP networks
Advances in Radio Science, 2012
In the wireless communication, the variation of the transmission delay is called jitter and is one of the variables responsible for the degradation of the service quality. Jitter is present in every section of the transmission system. Its stochastic behavior depends on the technology implemented in the system and the service provided by the system. This paper focuses on mathematical modeling and phenomenological analysis of the jitter encountered by the realtime services in a wireless network. Using the data made available to the public by the wireless industry, we explore the stochastic characterizations of the jitter in a wireless IP networks. Within the scope of real-time service, we studied the relation between delay, jitter and the inter-packet time. Evaluation of the sample data indicates a long range dependence of the inter-packet time of the received packets in a real-time connection. The result helps understanding the transmission delay encountered by the real-time service over wireless IP networks.