Uptake, Translocation, and Transmission of Carbon Nanomaterials in Rice Plants (original) (raw)
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Effect of Carbon Nanomaterials on the Germination and Growth of Rice Plants.pdf
For the successful diverse applications of different nanomaterials in life sciences, it is necessary to understand the ultimate fate, distribution and potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials. Phytotoxicity studies using higher plants is an important criterion for understanding the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials. We studied the effects of engineered carbon nanomaterials of various dimensionalities (carbon nanotubes, C 60 , graphene) on the germination of rice seeds. A pronounced increase in the rate of germination was observed for rice seeds in the presence of some of these carbon nanostructures, in particular the nanotubes. Increased water content was observed in the carbon nanomaterial treated seeds during germination compared to controls. The germinated seeds were then grown in a basal growth medium supplemented with carbon nanomaterials for studying their impact on further seedling growth. Treated seedlings appeared to be healthier with well-developed root and shoot systems compared to control seedlings. Our results indicate the possible use for carbon nanomaterials as enhancers in the growth of rice seedlings.
Interaction of Nanoparticles with Edible Plants and Their Possible Implications in the Food Chain
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011
The uptake, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and risks of nanomaterials (NMs) for food crops are still not well understood. Very few NMs and plant species have been studied, mainly at the very early growth stages of the plants. Most of the studies, except one with multiwalled carbon nanotubes performed on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and another with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on ryegrass, reported the effect of NMs on seed germination or 15-day-old seedlings. Very few references describe the biotransformation of NMs in food crops, and the possible transmission of the NMs to the next generation of plants exposed to NMs is unknown. The possible biomagnification of NPs in the food chain is also unknown.
BJSTR, 2021
Rapid developments and advancements in the field of nanotechnology by every passing day continuously add up engineered nanoparticles in our existing system which itself has a remarkable contribution in the pharmaceutical sciences, biofuel industry, plant biotechnology, electronics, nanomedicine, cosmetics, and various other domains. In this review article, we pronounce on the importance of nanoparticles in the development and growth of plants, highlighting their advantageous and detrimental side impacts. These impacts have been evaluated utilizing cytogenic studies on plants, by researching the influence of carbon nanotubes on plant growth and by studying the gene delivery procedure deploying mesoporous silica nanoparticles as transporter or as biomolecule delivery vehicles. On the other hand, when the concentration of nanomaterials remains unchecked, then nanomaterials would undoubtedly produce toxicity up to a dangerous level. It may show negative effects like decreased plant growth, adverse effects on human health and environment, reduced chlorophyll synthesis etc. Nanoparticles may pose harmful and beneficial effects on plant health which may vary from specie to specie along with the NPs concentration and its type used.
Recent investigations show that carbon-based and metal-based engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), components of consumer goods and agricultural products, have the potential to build up in sediments and biosolid-amended agricultural soils. In addition, reports indicate that both carbon-based and metal-based ENMs affect plants differently at the physiological, biochemical, nutritional, and genetic levels. The toxicity threshold is species-dependent and responses to ENMs are driven by a series of factors including the nanomaterial characteristics and environmental conditions. Effects on the growth, physiological and biochemical traits, production and food quality, among others, have been reported. However, a complete understanding of the dynamics of interactions between plants and ENMs is not clear enough yet. This review presents recent publications on the physiological and biochemical effects that commercial carbon-based and metal-based ENMs have in terrestrial plants. This document focuses on crop plants because of their relevance in human nutrition and health. We have summarized the mechanisms of interaction between plants and ENMs as well as identified gaps in knowledge for future investigations.
Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials on Plants Growth: An Overview
The Scientific World Journal, 2014
Rapid development and wide applications of nanotechnology brought about a significant increment on the number of engineered nanomaterials (ENs) inevitably entering our living system. Plants comprise of a very important living component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Studies on the influence of engineered nanomaterials (carbon and metal/metal oxides based) on plant growth indicated that in the excess content, engineered nanomaterials influences seed germination. It assessed the shoot-to-root ratio and the growth of the seedlings. From the toxicological studies to date, certain types of engineered nanomaterials can be toxic once they are not bound to a substrate or if they are freely circulating in living systems. It is assumed that the different types of engineered nanomaterials affect the different routes, behavior, and the capability of the plants. Furthermore, different, or even opposing conclusions, have been drawn from most studies on the interactions between engineered nanomater...
The interactions between engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and plants are of particular importance, as plants directly interact with soil, water, and the atmosphere, and serve as a potential pathway of ENMs exposure for higher species through the food chain. The aim of this chapter is to extend our current understanding about interactions between ENMs and plants, including phytotoxicity, uptake, translocation, and biotransformation of ENMs in plant systems. The mechanisms underlying ENMs phytotoxicity and bioavailability are not well understood. It is clear that more investigations are urgently required in the area of ENMs–plants interactions, as well as the development of novel techniques for in vivo characterization of ENMs to enable these fields to keep pace with the sustainable implementation of nanotechnology.
BioNanoScience, 2020
Oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) having a diameter of 14-30 nm and length of 200-300 nm were used to the prime rice seeds with different concentrations of MWCNT (70, 80 and 90 μg/mL). The effects on germination, growth, anatomy, physiology, yield, quantitative seed components and toxicity (using human cell lines) were evaluated. The treatments, when extended to realistic field environments, resulted in significantly better yield and productivity of rice. The MWCNT-treated plants had denser stomata and larger root length, which resulted in faster growth and facilitated both water and mineral uptake, thus boosting the crop yield. Increased vascular tissues enhanced the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. No toxic effects of MWCNT were observed in the DNA of the CNT-treated plants, and in the human cell lines, treated with harvested grain extract of MWCNT-primed plants. This study provides some new insights into the use of nanomaterials in plants and their potential benefits in agriculture thus ushering in a new organic-inorganic interface.
Interaction of carbon nanohorns with plants: Uptake and biological effects
Carbon, 2015
ABSTRACT Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) are a unique carbon-based nanomaterial with promising application in different fields including, medicine, genetic engineering and horticulture. Here, we investigated the biological response of six crop species (barley, corn, rice, soybean, switchgrass, tomato) and tobacco cell culture to the exposure of SWCNHs. We found that SWCNHs can activate seed germination of selected crops and enhance growth of different organs of corn, tomato, rice and soybean. At cellular level, growth of tobacco cells was increased in response to exposure of SWCNHs (78% increase compared to control). Uptake of SWCNHs by exposed crops and tobacco cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantified by microwave induced heating (MIH) technique. At genetic level, SWCNHs were able to affect expression of a number of tomato genes that are involved in stress responses, cellular responses and metabolic processes. We have concluded that SWCNHs can be used as plant growth regulators and have the potential for plant-related applications.
The Science of the total environment, 2017
With the applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) continually expanding and production quickly growing, residues of ENMs will end up in the environment at levels that may be harmful to non-target organisms. Many of the tunable properties that have made them desirable, such as type, size, charge, or coating, also contribute to the current difficulties in understanding the fate of ENMs in the environment. This review article focuses on studies that investigate plant-ENM interactions, including techniques used to study these interactions and documented plant responses due to the phytotoxic effects of ENMs. The many variables which can be altered for an experiment, such as type, size, and concentration of ENMs, make it difficult to formulate generalizations about the uptake mechanism involved, or to make an inference on the subcellular localization and distribution of the internalized ENMs in plant tissue. In order to avoid these challenges, studies can utilize a model organism s...
Nanotechnology: Recent Progress in Agriculture and Effects on Physiology of Plants
2021
The naturally occurring and synthesised nanoparticles (NPs) display significant effects on the physiology of plants. This paper emphasised the current application of synthetic NPs in agriculture, several advantages and physiological responses during the growth of plants. Nano pore size of particles provides higher surface areas hence enhances the water holding capacity of the soil, efficacy delivery of fertilisers and pesticides (pest and diseases infestation) on crops. The application of NPs via soil or mist involves uptake by plant via roots or foliar cell wall and translocation to other organs through vascular system and plasmodesmata within the cells. The physicochemical properties of NPs have advantages including enabling the increase of soil water retention in mitigating the drought and/or salinity stresses in plants. Nanoparticles enhance the germination of seed and maintain plant growth by promoting the production of enzymes in scavenging oxygen radicals, phytohormone balancing, nutrient metabolisms and expression of amino acid biosynthetic genes and photosystem. Given the diverse physiological and molecular effects of NPs, precautionary steps prior to their application either as fertiliser or carrier should be considered to avoid toxicity and destructive effects on plants, animals, water body and the environment.