Morphological, pathological and genetic diversity of Colletotrichum species responsible for anthracnose in papaya (Carica papaya L) (original) (raw)
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Molecular Biotechnology, 2008
Colletotrichum capsici is an important fungal species that causes anthracnose in many genera of plants causing severe economic losses worldwide. A primer set was designed based on the sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) regions for use in a conventional PCR assay. The primer set (CcapF/ CcapR) amplified a single product of 394 bp with DNA extracted from 20 Mexican isolates of C. capsici. The specificity of primers was confirmed by the absence of amplified product with DNA of four other Colletotrichum species and eleven different fungal genera. This primer set is capable of amplifying only C. capsici from different contaminated tissues or fungal structures, thereby facilitating rapid diagnoses as there is no need to isolate and cultivate the fungus in order to identify it. The sensitivity of detection with this PCR method was 10 pg of genomic DNA from the pathogen. This is the first report of a C. capsici-specific primer set. It allows rapid pathogen detection and provides growers with a powerful tool for a rational selection of fungicides to control anthracnose in different crops and in the post-harvest stage.
Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important diseases in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) cultivation. In this study, the genetic and pathogenic diversity of this microorganism isolated from cashew crops from Pernambuco State, Brazil, were evaluated by RAPD and ribosomal DNA-RFLP analysis. Based on the RAPD analysis, considerable genetic diversity was exhibited by the evaluated isolates, and the rDNA RFLP analysis by MspI restriction demonstrated polymorphisms among the isolates. Although both techniques were efficient and reproducible, RAPD indicated higher genetic variability among the isolates when compared with the rDNA RFLP analysis. The isolates were clustered in two groups using UPGMA analysis of the RAPD and RFLP data, with Group I subdivided into five subgroups and Group II into four subgroups. A pathogenicity test performed using detached cashew leaves showed that the isolates Cg02 and Cg03 were the most aggressive. Through RAPD and rDNA RFLP analyses, this study demonstrated a correlation between the genetic groups and geographical origin of the isolates; however, no correlation was found between these groups and pathogenicity. 251 rRNA gene, which involves an adjusted model showing a small specific polymorphism and a high general specific variability . The amplification of this region and its restriction is an important tool to describe the genetic variability of plant pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic variability of C. gloeosporioides isolates obtained from cashew trees in different regions of Pernambuco State, Brazil, using RAPD and rDNA-RFLP analysis and to determine the possible correlation between the region and pathogenicity level of the isolates.
JOURNAL OF PLANT DISEASES AND PROTECTION 113 2006
A PCR assay based on a pair of oligonucleotide primers targeting the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was used to detect Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), a fungus causing Fusarium wilt of cotton, in infected cotton seedlings. By using the primer pair Fov1-Eg-f and Fov1-Eg-r, a 438-bp DNA fragment was consistently amplified from 41 Egyptian isolates of Fov (race 3), while no amplification was obtained from template genomic DNAs obtained from other fungal pathogens, namely F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, F. sambucinum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina. PCR product of the expected size was amplified from as little as 100 fg of purified Fov genomic DNA. The sensitivity of real-time PCR allowed detection of 200 fg of target genomic DNA. The melting temperature (T m ) values of Fov isolates were in the range 86.83 to 87.02. Fov DNA was detected in infected cotton roots, while no amplification was obtained from other plant structures, such as stem and leaf. The real-time PCR assay successfully detected Fov and correlated well with assessments based on conventional PCR techniques. The application of this technique will be useful for identification of Fov in infected cotton roots and detection of Fov in infected plants that lack visible morphological structures or symptoms.
Post-harvest anthracnose of papaya caused by Colletotrichum truncatum in Korea
In October 2016, we collected samples of post-harvest anthracnose of papaya from Gangneung, Gangwon Province, Korea. Infected fruits first showed tiny light brown spots on their surface followed by development of sunken water-soaked lesions with black acervuli. Fungal pathogen was isolated from the infected fruits and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA) medium. For identification of the fungus, morphological assessment and sequencing analysis of 5.8S ribosomal DNA (ITS-5.8S rDNA) and three protein-coding genes: actin (ACT), chitin synthase I (CHS-1), and glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) were performed. Pathogenicity of the fungal isolate was confirmed according to Koch’s postulates. The results of morphological examination, pathogenicity tests, and the ITS-5.8S rDNA, ACT, CHS-1, and G3PDH sequences confirmed Colletotrichum truncatum as the causal agent. This study provides news information about C. truncatum isolated from post-harvest papaya in Korea.
CONTROL DE DOS ESPECIES DE Colletotrichum CAUSANTES DE ANTRACNOSIS EN FRUTOS DE PAPAYA MARADOL
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas
La antracnosis es una limitante de la vida útil de los frutos de papaya, es causada principalmente por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, aunque es posible encontrar otras especies de Colletotrichum causando enfermedades en un mismo cultivo. Para el control de la antracnosis en Yucatán se recomiendan varios fungicidas, pero no todos están permitidos por la agencia de protección al ambiente (EPA) de los Estados Unidos de América, principal país al cual se exporta la papaya yucateca. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivos identificar el agente causal de la antracnosis de papaya en Yucatán, evaluar el efecto de fungicidas que cuentan con registro de EPA sobre las especies que causan antracnosis y explorar el efecto de inductores a resistencia en el control de esta enfermedad. Durante marzo y mayo de 2006 se obtuvieron nueve aislamientos de Colletotrichum en frutos de tres regiones productoras de Yucatán, los cuales se identificaron mediante claves taxonómicas. La evaluación de ...
First Report of Colletotrichum chrysophilum Causing Papaya Anthracnose in Mexico
Plant Disease
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is the most important fungal disease of papaya (Carica papaya L.) worldwide. In March 2020, mature papaya fruit (cv. Maradol) showing typical symptoms of anthracnose were observed in an orchard located in Pinotepa Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico. Disease incidence of 100 papaya plants surveyed in the orchard was estimated at about 45%. Initially, small and water-soaked lesions appeared on the fruit surface, which later enlarged to circular sunken lesions with translucent light brown margins. On advanced infections, salmon-pink masses of spores were observed on the lesions. Twenty Colletotrichum-like colonies were consistently isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium at 25°C in the dark for 6 days and 10 monoconidial isolates were obtained. An isolate was selected as representative for further characterization. The isolate was deposited as CPM-H4 in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi of Plant Pathology Laboratory of the CIIDIR-Oa...
FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2000
In recent years, different molecular techniques have led to an important progress in the characterisation of Colletotrichum species, but there are no available methods which permit the easy identification of Colletotrichum strains and their assignation to classical species. In the present work, the restriction patterns generated from the region spanning the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene, were used to identify a total of 80 strains of Colletotrichum, the majority of them isolated from strawberry. One of the most interesting results derived from this study was the easy and reliable distinction, using the endonuclease MvnI, between Colletotrichum fragariae and Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, both responsible of anthracnose on strawberry and phenotypically indistinguishable. Moreover, we propose the restriction fragments generated by the endonucleases MvnI, PvuII and ScrFI as a rapid method to differentiate species of the Colletotrichum genus. ß
SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics
Anthracnose forms a group of fungal diseases that affect a variety of crop plants in warm and humid areas. Anthracnose causes the wilting, withering, and dying of tissues of plants, commonly infecting the developing shoots, leaves, and fruits. It critically affects the quality and production of Carica papaya fruits in Bali, Indonesia. The pathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Colletotrichum cause anthracnose fungal disease. Research on morphology and molecular identification of pathogenic fungi is very important to determine the type of pathogenic fungus that causes anthracnose disease in the papaya fruit. The latest study aims to identify the pathogen that caused anthracnose on papaya fruits in Bali, Indonesia, carried out during July – December 2021 at the Belok Village, District of Petang, Badung Regency, and in Laboratory of Biochemistry, Udayana University, Badung Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The study used Koch's postulates to confirm the pathogenicity and continued with ma...