Use of fresh cheese whey as an additive for Lucerne silages: Effects on chemical composition, conservation quality and ruminal degradation of cell walls (original) (raw)
Related papers
Animal Feed Science and Technology
Effects of ensiling and adding molasses or increasing levels of fresh cheese whey on the conservation and rumen degradability of temperate pasture silages were evaluated. Forage from three paddocks of mixed grass and legume pastures was used to make 45 silages (15 silages per paddock) with 5 treatments, including silage without additives (control), silage with 15 g/kg dehydrated molasses and silage with 20, 50 and 100 g/kg fresh cheese whey. The chemical composition and fermentation quality (i.e., pH, ammonia N, loss of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), effluent production) of the silages were determined. Fresh and ensiled materials were evaluated for in situ rumen degradability. Ensiling reduced DM and NDF rumen degradability (P<0.01). When additives were employed, the reduction of DM degradability of the silages decreased (P≤0.03). Addition of molasses led to the lowest pH (P<0.01) and DM losses (P<0.01), and highest DM degradability (P<0.01). The conservation and DM degradation results of dried molasses silage was superior to those of fresh whey silages. In general, an increase in the level of whey increased DM degradability (P≤0.03), but linearly increased effluent production (P<0.01) and losses (P<0.01).
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2012
Effects of ensiling and adding molasses or increasing levels of fresh cheese whey on the conservation and rumen degradability of temperate pasture silages were evaluated. Forage from three paddocks of mixed grass and legume pastures was used to make 45 silages (15 silages per paddock) with 5 treatments, including silage without additives (control), silage with 15 g/kg dehydrated molasses and silage with 20, 50 and 100 g/kg fresh cheese whey. The chemical composition and fermentation quality (i.e., pH, ammonia N, loss of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), effluent production) of the silages were determined. Fresh and ensiled materials were evaluated for in situ rumen degradability. Ensiling reduced DM and NDF rumen degradability (P<0.01). When additives were employed, the reduction of DM degradability of the silages decreased (P≤0.03). Addition of molasses led to the lowest pH (P<0.01) and DM losses (P<0.01), and highest DM degradability (P<0.01). The conservation and DM degradation results of dried molasses silage was superior to those of fresh whey silages. In general, an increase in the level of whey increased DM degradability (P≤0.03), but linearly increased effluent production (P<0.01) and losses (P<0.01).
Use of Fresh Scotta Whey as an Additive for Alfalfa Silage
Agronomy
Scotta is a dairy industry waste obtained by ricotta cheese production. Because of its high availability and its high lactose content, scotta could be used as an additive to improve fermentation characteristics of alfalfa silage. Silage samples were obtained for 2 years from an alfalfa second cut, collecting the forage at three growth stages: mid bud (MB), early flowering (EF), and late flowering (LF). After wilting the forage at 38% dry matter (DM), four scotta doses were added (0, 75, 150, and 300 g/kg fresh forage) and the main chemical and microbiological characteristics were evaluated after 3, 13, and 90 days of ensiling (DOE). The lowest pH (4.3) was recorded in the EF and LF growth stages, after 90 DOE and with the highest scotta dose (300 g/kg fresh forage). After 90 DOE, the concentration of the main spoilage microorganisms and clostridial spore loads was always negligible. The addition of scotta decreased pH and fiber fractions, increased the relative feed value, and had n...
Annales de Zootechnie, 1994
— In situ degradation was studied on fresh lucerne and 2 silages prepared from fresh forage, one without added preservative, and the other with formic acid. Dry matter degradability is comparable for the fresh forage (68.1 %) and silage with formic acid (66.1 %) and lower for silage without added preservative (58.3%). The differences of nitrogen degradability between the 3 forages are small, 84.6%, 85.1 % and 89.3% for fresh forage, silage without additive and silage with formic acid, respectively. The nitrogen linked to cell-wall residues represents a low proportion and does not have a great effect on degradability. However, on average the nitrogen of NDF residue (NDFN) and the ADF residue (ADFN) were degraded in the same manner whatever the forage. Some of the nitrogen linked to ADF appeared to be made up of a glycoprotein (extensin) which was in part degraded in the rumen. rumen I nitrogen I cell wall I degradability Résumé — Comparaison entre la dégradation in situ des constituants pariétaux, de l'azote, et de l'azote lié aux constituants pariétaux d'un fourrage vert de luzerne et de 2 ensilages. Nous avons étudié la dégradation en sachets de nylon d'un fourrage vert de luzerne et de 2 ensilages préparés à partir de ce fourrage vert, l'un sans conservateur et l'autre avec addition d'acide formique. La dégradabilité de la matière sèche est comparable pour le fourrage vert (68, 1 !o) et l'ensilage avec acide formique (66,1 1 %) et plus faible pour l'ensilage sans conservateur (58,3 %). La dégradabilité in situ de l'azote est peu diférente (respectivement de 84,6%, 85,1%, 89,3% pour le fourrage vert, l'ensilage sans conservateur, l'ensilage conservé avec de l'acide formique). L'azote lié aux constituants pariétaux représente une proportion faible et ne peut donc avoir une incidence importante sur la dégradabilité des fourrages. L'azote lié aux résidus NDF se dégrade dans le rumen de façon à peu près équivalente pour les 3 fourrages. On observe également une dégradation de l'azote lié aux résidus ADF, dont une partie serait constituée d'une protéine, l'extensine partiellement dégradable dans le rumen.
Assessment of Quality and Rumen Degradability of Mixed Silages of Sugarcane Tops with Marabu Forage
Cuvilier, 2019
The quality and rumen degradability of sugarcane (Sacharum spp.) tops with forage of Marabú (Dichrostachys cinerea L.) ensiled in combination with either molasses, lactobacillus or fungi as well as their combination were assessed. The labscale silages were made in triplicate with material originating from a sugarcane crop and D. cinerea field both of two years old and harvested after 12 and 3 months of regrowth, respectively (Santa Clara, Cuba). Sugarcane tops and D. cinerea forage were mixed in a ratio of 60:40, respectively and either or not with one of the three following additives or their combination [fungal inoculant [FI; UC1 (Penicillium sp.) + UC13 (Aspergillus sp.) or Trichoderma sp. (L6+R6b)], Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB; 3×10 6 colony forming units/g fresh matter (FM)) and molasses (Mol; 39.4 g/kg FM)]. Both FI were inoculated at three doses (FD; 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5×10 5 spores/g of FM) in order to prepare 28 treatments [2FI3FD2LAB2Mol treatments + 4 control treatments (2LAB2Mol)]. The chemical proximate content (CPC) prior and after ensiling, as well as the ensilability and the apparently rumen degradable organic matter (ARDOM) of the silages were determined. The metabolisable energy (ME) was estimated from the CPC. The ensilability parameters (pH, lactate, acetate, ammonia, ethanol) were used to select the best silages based on the GLM procedure of SPSS with FI, FD, LAB and Mol as factors according to a full factorial design. The one way ANOVA procedure of SPSS was performed. The forages simultaneously ensiled by all additives showed the best silage quality, independently of FI or FD. However, the FD (P<0.001) but not the FI (P>0.05) affected the fiber fraction content after ensiling as well as ARDOM and methane production. The ADF content was lower (P<0.001) and the ME and ARDOM contents were enhanced (P<0.05) in those silages with higher FD. It was concluded that mixed silages of an invasive plant and fibrous by-product inoculated simultaneously with molasses, lactobacillus and fungi at doses of 3.0 and 4.5 × 10 5 spores/g of FM showed the best silage quality, the lowest ADF content and the highest ARDOM, independently of fungi strain. Nevertheless, the effects were modest.
Annales de Zootechnie, 2000
The extent to which rumen soluble nitrogen can contribute to the intestinal flow is unknown. Therefore a study was carried out to simultaneously assess the dynamics of protein disappearance from dacron bags placed in the rumen and the amount of various N products (total nitrogen (tN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN). Measurements were carried out on 4 sheep fed various lucerne forages. These forages included fresh lucerne cut at the vegetative or bud stage, fresh lucerne cut at the 6-week second growth stage and at stemmy regrowth stage. In addition two silages made from lucerne at the bud stage, with or without formic acid were also given. The hay was dried on the ground in good weather. The effective degradability of nitrogen (DegN) estimated from the nylon bag procedure was lower (p < 0.05) with the latter vegetation stage (0.80 for vegetative stage vs. 0.76 for bud stage). This value was 0.81 for the regrowth stage. The DegN of the silages was higher (p < 0.05) without additive (0.84) than with formic acid (0.80) and the DegN of the hay was markedly lower (0.66, p < 0.05) than with the original fresh forage. Whatever the forage studied, tN and NAN rumen fluid contents were high at 1 h or 2 h after feeding (from 0.458 mg. g-1 for hay to 0.813 mg. g-1 for fresh forage at the vegetative stage) and diminished rapidly up to 7 h after feeding except for the silages, for which the minimum content was observed 4 h after feeding. A part of the solubilised nitrogen remained as proteins at 1 h and 2 h after feeding for fresh lucerne at various stages of harvesting (from 0.187 mg. g-1 to 0.221 mg. g-1 at 1 h) while no protein could be seen in the rumen fluid after feeding of sheep fed silage (with or without preservative) or hay. The part of NAN escaping rumen degradation and transiting with the rumen fluid represented 7 to 11% of the nitrogen disappearing from the nylon bags placed in the rumen. There was little difference linked to the vegetation stage of the forage or its mode of conservation in particular. This content remained high for hay while its effective degradability (0.66) was much lower than for other forages (from 0.76 to 0.84).
Boletim de Indústria Animal
With the aim to evaluate the effects of the use of additives (milk whey and inoculant containing Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophillus) in sorghum silage, an experiment was conducted in which the productive parameters, fermentative and the nutritional quality of silage were analyzed. The experimental design was completely randomized, testing different levels of inclusion of whey and live Lactobacillus strains based on forage green matter, constituting the following treatments: 1) Sorghum without inclusion of additives (CON); 2) Sorghum + 5 x 10 2 cfu/g L. casei and L. acidophillus (LAC); 3) Sorghum 5 x 10 2 cfu g-1 whey (SL); 4) Sorghum + 5x10 2 cfu/g-1 L. casei and L. acidophillus and 5x10 2 cfu/g whey (LAC + SL). When Lactobacillus was included the mixture used was 50 ml of water and 10 grams of Lactobacillus. To measure silage fermentation, pH, dry matter recovery, gas and effluent losses, ammonia nitrogen, buffer power and density were estimated. The addition of whey and Lactobacillus inoculant in sorghum silage did not significantly change the bromatological values of silage when compared to the original material. The inclusion of additives increased (P <0.05) the effluent losses during fermentation. The use of whey presents a viable alternative for producers, as it does not compromise the fermentation and chemical composition of sorghum silage and assists in the reduction of dairy residues in nature.
Ruminal in situ degradability of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of sugarcane silage
Tropical Grasslands - Forrajes Tropicales, 2014
The ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 9 sugarcane varieties ensiled 15 months after planting was evaluated, using 3 fistulated Holstein x Zebu cows and incubation periods of 0, 6, 12, 24, 72 and 96 h in a randomized complete block design. Dry matter, crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), NDF, pH and in-situ degradability levels were determined. There were significant differences in composition of all evaluated parameters in the silages, except for CP, with the following variations: DM (19.7-23.2%), CP (2.70-3.47%), MM (3.2-5.2%), NDF (67.6-73.8%) and pH (3.8-4.2). The DM fraction 'a' differed among sugarcane varieties, with SP 801816 presenting the highest soluble fraction (26.83%). Effective degradability (ED) of DM (32.7-40.9%) and degradation rate 'c' did not differ among varieties. The ED of NDF and fraction 'a' did not differ among silages, but there were significant differences in fraction 'b', with a variation from 36.4 to 41.2%. Highest NDF ED occurred for the varieties RB 835486 (22%) and SP 791011 (21.1%). Further studies with these two varieties with the addition of inoculants and additives at ensiling are needed along with feeding studies to determine animal performance data.
Effects of Different Growth Stages of Amaranth Silage on the Rumen Degradation of Dairy Cows
Animals
The purpose of this study was to investigate the rumen degradation characteristic of amaranth silage (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) including four kinds of growing stages (budding stage (BS), 50 d after planting (DAP); early flowering stage (ES), 58 DAP; peak flowering stage (PS), 70 DAP; heading stage (HS), 90 DAP). Four Holstein dairy cows with permanent ruminal cannulas were used as experimental animals. Nylon-bag method was used to assess the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The results showed that the concentration of DM in HS was significantly higher than other stages (p < 0.05), whereas the contents of CP, were lower than in other stages (p < 0.05). With the extension of the growing period, the DM effective degradability of amaranth silage decreased gradually, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The ruminal CP degradation of 72 h was more than 80%, and compared with E...