Effect of a Central Antenna Element on the Directivity, Half-Power Beamwidth and Side-Lobe Level of Circular Antenna Arrays (original) (raw)
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IEEE Access
The number of elements reduction in different antenna array configurations such as linear, circular, rectangular, planar, and non-planar is of main concern for several research groups. This minimizes the complexity of the feeding network in static antenna arrays, whereas, in adaptive antenna arrays, it reduces the number of active components. The main issue in the array synthesis is to preserve the radiation pattern with minimum distortion compared to the original pattern. These issues are addressed by many researchers in linear, planar, and concentric circular arrays, but no attempt is made in the synthesis of uniform circular antenna arrays (UCAAs) that have elements distributed on a single circle. This is because the synthesis is almost performed in one plane where the radiation patterns in other planes are not predicted. In this paper, most of the aforementioned challenges are treated; the number of elements is reduced, the radiation pattern has minimum distortion, and the radiation pattern is symmetric in all array orthogonal planes. This is performed by dividing the original UCAA's 3D radiation pattern into a suitable number of 2D plane patterns, each of which is separately synthesized using the specified number of elements. The 2D pattern synthesis process for a particular plane is confined to estimating a new set of non-uniform excitation coefficients while keeping the original UCAA's array radius. To construct the final set of synthesized excitation coefficients for the 3D array pattern synthesis, we aggregate all of the estimated sets of excitation coefficients and take the average. To verify the efficacy of the proposed technique, the original and synthesized arrays are realized using the CST Microwave Studio using λ 2 dipole elements. The results indicated that substantially matched patterns were obtained. Furthermore, the coupling between the synthesized array elements is decreased, which enhances the radiation efficiency and realized array gain. INDEX TERMS Antenna array beamforming (BF), side lobe level (SLL), computer simulation technology (CST), dynamic range ratio (DRR), uniform circular antenna array (UCAA).
Hybrid linear and circular antenna arrays
The class of Hybrid Linear and Circular Antenna Arrays is presented. The properties of linear and circular antenna arrays are combined to obtain hybrid array types: concentric circular, cylindrical, and coaxial cylindrical antenna arrays. These three types are defined, the expressions of their array factors are derived, their directivities and half power beam widths (HPBW) are simulated. The obtained plots are approximated by curve fitting. Different combinations of excitation currents (e.g. uniform, Chebyshev, Bessel, …) can exist on the elements of the same antenna array.
Comparison between Rectangular and Circular Patch Antennas Array
Modern wireless communication systems require low profile, lightweight, high gain and simple structure antennas to assure reliability, mobility, and high efficiency [1]. A microstrip patch antenna is very simple in construction using a conventional microstrip fabrication technique. Microstrip antennas consist of a patch of metallization on a grounded dielectric substrate. They are low profile, lightweight antennas, most suitable for aerospace and mobile applications. Microstripantennas have matured considerably during the past 40 years, and many of their limitations have been overcome [2]-[6]. The conducting patch can take any shape, but rectangular and circular configurations are the most commonly used configurations. In this paper, several designs of rectangular patchantennas arrays and circular patch antennas arrays are presented. Specifically, 4 by 1, 2 by 1, and single element of both shapes are designed. Moreover, these designs are simulated using IE3d (full wave simulator). Based on the simulation results, comparison between both rectangular and circular patch antennas array is achieved.This paper is divided into fivesections:thefirst section is devoted to give an overview of the microstrip antennas.Second section gives a preface of the important parameters in single element designs, for both rectangular and circular. Third section discusses the patch antenna design and the necessity of the antenna array. Forth section demonstrates the results of the paper as a whole and a comparison between both shapes (rectangular and circular) is presented. Finally, a brief conclusion is presented in the fifth section.
Uniform circular arrays for phased array antenna
2011
This paper compares the performances of a number of uniform circular array (UCA) configurations for phased array antennas. A UCA geometry is targeted due to its symmetrical configuration which enables the phased array antenna to scan azimuthally with minimal changes in its beam width and sidelobe levels. Each UCA configuration consists of 19 isotropic elements. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is used to calculate the complex weights of the antenna array elements in order to adapt the antenna to the changing environments. Comparisons are made in the context of adaptive beamforming properties and Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR). The results obtained suggest that a planar uniform hexagonal array PUHA (1:6:12) is suitable for high resolution applications as its sidelobe levels are the lowest compared to the other geometries.
Phased Linear Array of Circular Aperture Antennas
A Ab bs st tr ra ac ct t In this paper the phased array consist of a circular aperture antennas are arranged in linear array to study the effect of the number of elements on the radiation pattern parameters. The effect of distribution of current on each elements also studied to reduced the side lobe level.
Beam-steering in a three-element circular antenna-array
A simple and volume efficient circular antenna-array design with a low profile programmable beam rotation mechanism was presented. The proper selections of the rotation vector and the excitation coefficients of rectangular array-elements were made for rotation of the beam. The proposed rotation mechanism was capable to rotate the radiation pattern at any desired speed and to transmit in any desired direction, and the design included the ease of construction. Although simulating the radiation pattern using FEKO EM simulator, two basic functions, the power splitter and the introduction of phase difference, were included in feed network of microstrip circuit to divide the power and then individually feeding the each patch after introducing the desired phase difference.
Antenna Array Design and its Integration with Beamforming Network
Seventh Sense Research Group®, 2024
This paper describes the design of an antenna array and its integration with a beamforming network that operates at 2.6 GHz and uses circular microstrip patch antennas and their arrays over a frequency range of 2-3 GHz. This design is implemented on a substrate (RT5880) with a dielectric constant (ε = 2.2), loss tangent (tanδ = 0.0009), and thickness (h = 0.0813 cm). The microstrip antenna's dimensions were calculated and subsequently determined through simulations. The Antenna Feeding Network with Beamforming exceeds Single and Array Antennas, providing superior directional radiation. With an amazing 9.02 dBi gain, 32.6 dBi front-to-back ratio, and 67% Total radiation efficiency at 2.6 GHz. A comparison and observation are made between the effectiveness of the designs and the suggested techniques. CST Microwave Studio is a fullwave electromagnetic simulation software program for design and analysis.
Comparison of Circular Sector and Rectangular Patch Antenna Arrays in C-Band
Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 2012
The circular sector patch antenna is studied in C-band (4 GHz-8 GHz). In this paper, we present steps of designing the circular sector antenna then a comparison with a rectangular antenna in literature. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to compute the gain, axial ratio, radiation pattern, and return loss S11 of proposed antenna. Based on the designed patch antenna, many phased arrays will be simulated using HFSS. The impact of distance between element, number of element and phase will be checked. Obtained results are analyzed and compared with literature.
Design and Analysis of Cylindrical Arc Array Antenna
IRJET, 2023
The microstrip patch antenna required for radio communications to be lightweight, ease in fabrication and smaller in size. The current plan aims to develop a microstrip antenna with a basic geometric shape that can provide improved directivity, gain, and high return loss. The article details the design and analysis of two microstrip antennas, one rectangular and the other square, both of which use microstrip line for feeding. In our Proposed project, the conformal arc array antenna is designed at 2.0-2.4 GHz which provides its usefulness in many wideband utilities within the range of Sband applications. Various parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, gain, VSWR, directivity, efficiency can be determined. The optimized antenna design and results are presented by using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software.
Design of Uniform and Nonuniform Circular Arrays Comparison with FFA and RLS
Progress of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2018
Multiple antennas can be arranged in various geometrical configurations to form antenna array with high directive radiation pattern. Linear antennas are limited in their steering capability. The circular arrays ar more popular in recent years over other array geometries because they have the capability to perform the scan in all the directions and considerable change in the beam pattern which provide 3600 total coverage. Circular arrays are less sensitive to mutual coupling as compared to linear and rectangular arrays since they do not have edge elements. They can be used for beam forming in the azimuth plane for example at the base stations of the mobile radio communication systems as the components for signal processing. FFA design method of circular apertures for narrow beam width and low side lobes has been reported by Taylor. It includes the development of continuous circular aperture distributions, which contain only two independent parameters, A & , where A is related to th...