Distribution of mono- and disaccharide-releasing extracellular enzyme production abilities within a Trichoderma population from Hungarian winter wheat rhizosphere (original) (raw)
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Extracellular Enzyme Activity of Trichoderma Strains Isolated from Different Soil Types
2016
Enzymatic characterization of 16 Trichoderma strains, grown in potato dextrose broth was carried out semi-quantitatively by API-ZYM test. Strains that were used for test were isolated from different soil types and belonged to T. harzianum species complex, T. koningiopsis, T. atroviride, T. brevicompactum, T. gamsii, T. citrinoviride and T. longibrachiatum. The activities of acid phosphatase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase were high in all examined strains and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activity was detected in most of them. However, activities of β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase were negative. Among all investigated Trichoderma isolates, T.brevicompactum showed moderate αgalactosidase and β-galactosidase enzymatic activity. Obtained results are in accordance with previous results on very good antagonistic properties of examined Trichoderma strains against fungal pathogens, indicating that extracellular enzymes are important part of their antagonistic mechanism of bi...
Enzyme Activity in Trichoderma reesei and Rhizoctonia solani
American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 2013
The enzyme activity was studied by cultivation of six fungal strains isolated from agricultural soils. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), wheat straw (WS) and pectin were used as carbon sources individually. Sugar and protein assay were started two days after inoculation and repeated every two days. Amount of glucose and protein in samples were measured by relevant reagents. Variation in released sugars and proteins were observed in different isolates and genera in media. Statistical analysis among isolates and genera showed significant variation in released sugars, but no statistical variations were found in released proteins. The Trichoderma reesei S542 revealed the highest enzyme activity. Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) showed highest amount of released sugar in pectin medium. T. reesei S578 and R. solani (AG-1) showed the lowest amount of released sugars and proteins respectively. Observations showed that Trichoderma has high capacity in sugar production and enzyme activity as compare to...
In vitro screening for enzymatic activity of Trichoderma species for biocontrol potential
A total of seven Trichoderma species were isolated from rhizosphere soils of brinjal on potato dextrose agar medium. Based on morphological and cultural characters, the isolates were assigned to different species viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. virens, T. atroviride, T. koningii, T. pseudokoningii and T. reesei. Trichoderma species were screened for the production of extracellular enzymes to identify the strain with high antagonistic potential against fungal pathogens. The screening was done following plate assay method on the respective solid media. These strains were positive for cellulase, amylase, pectinase, protease and chitinase activity. The excretion of extracellular lytic enzymes reveals their usefulness in the application of Trichoderma species as biocontrol strains in agricultural soils. The use of simple solid media permits the rapid screening of large populations of fungi for the presence or absence of specific enzymes
Significance of lytic enzymes from Trichoderma spp. in the biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens
The use of specific mycolytic soil microorganisms to control plant pathogens is an ecological approach to overcome the problems caused by standard chemical methods of plant protection. The ability to produce lytic enzymes is a widely distributed property of rhizosphere-competent fungi and bacteria. Due to the higher activity of Trichoderma spp. lytic enzymes as compared to the same class of enzymes from other microorganisms and plants, effort is being aimed at improving biocontrol agents and plants by introducing Trichoderma genes via genetic manipulations. An overview is presented of the data currently available on lytic enzymes from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma.
Proteases of Trichoderma Strains from Hungarian Winter Wheat Rhizosphere
2008
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Degradation of plant pathogenic fungi by Trichoderma harzianum
Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1982
Trichoderma harzianum excreted β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase into the medium when grown on laminarin and chitin, respectively, or on cell walls of the pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii, as sole carbon source. Trichoderma harzianum also showed high activity of both enzymes when grown on homogenized S. rolfsii sclerotia. Glucanase activity increased by 67% when the fungus was grown on a mixture of laminarin and glucose (3:1, v/v). Similarly, high lytic activity was detected in wheat bran culture of the fungus and in soil inoculated with this culture. Protease and lipase activity were detected in the medium when the antagonist attacked mycelium of S. rolfsii.Isolates of T. harzianum were found to differ in the levels of hydrolytic enzymes produced when mycelium of S. rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium aphanidermatum in soil was attacked. This phenomenon was correlated with the ability of each of the Trichoderma isolates to control the respective soilborne pathogens.
Determination of lytic enzyme activities of indigenous Trichoderma isolates from Pakistan
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2015
This study investigated lytic enzyme activities in three indigenous Trichoderma strains namely, Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma sp. Native Trichoderma strains and a virulent strain of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from infected bean plants were also included in the study. Enzyme activities were determined by measuring sugar reduction by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method using suitable substrates. The antagonists were cultured in minimal salt medium with the following modifications: medium A (1 g of glucose), medium B (0.5 g of glucose + 0.5 g of deactivated R. solani mycelia), medium C (1.0 g of deactivated respective antagonist mycelium) and medium D (1 g of deactivated R. solani mycelia). T. asperellum showed presence of higher amounts of chitinases, b-1, 3-glucanases and xylanases in extracellular protein extracts from medium D as compared to medium A. While, the higher activities of glucosidases and endoglucanses were shown in medium D extracts by T. harzianum. b-glucosidase activities were lower compared with other enzymes; however, activities of the extracts of medium D were significantly different. T. asperellum exhibited maximum inhibition (97.7%). On the other hand, Trichoderma sp. did not show any effect on mycelia growth of R. solani on crude extract.
Indian phytopathology, 2016
Trichoderma spp. are well described biocontrol fungi for its lytic activity and antagonistic properties against phytopathogens. The present studies were conducted to biochemically characterize Trichoderma spp. isolated from soils of Jammu. A total of fifty native isolates of Trichoderma spp. were screened on the basis of their antifungal activity using dual culture technique. Twenty promising isolates were evaluated for the secretion of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes viz . cellulases, chitinases and β-1, 3-glucanases. Enzyme activity detected in agar plates using their respective inducers as sole carbon sources and further tests for enzyme production in broth culture revealed that the majority of the isolates showed maximum specific enzyme activity up to 6 th day of incubation with few exceptions were FL322, OR26X and OR27 for cellulase; BR1, FL21 and CE32 for chitinase and 1CR2, AG20, FL41, FL322 and OR26X for glucanase which showed regular increasing trend up to 9 days. However,...
[Lytic enzymes of Trichoderma and their role in protecting plants from fungal diseases]
Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia
Lytic enzymes of mycoparasitic fungi of the genus Trichoderma, capable of suppressing several fungal phytopathogens that originate in air or soil, are reviewed. The topics analyzed include (1) regulation of production of chitinases, beta-1,3-glucanases, and proteases; (2) molecular and catalytic properties of purified enzymes; and (3) their in vitro ability to degrade cell walls and inhibit sporulation or germ-tube elongation in various phytopathogenic fungi. Among the results summarized are reports of cloning the expression of genes coding for certain lytic enzymes of Trichoderma spp. These genes are used for obtaining plant transgenes with increased resistance to fungal diseases and Trichoderma transformants that produce higher levels of one lytic enzyme (a chitinase or protease) and thereby exhibit a more pronounced ability to suppress phytopathogenic fungi.