Poverty nexus with Trade Liberalization & Agriculture (original) (raw)
Related papers
Impact of Trade Reforms on Poverty
The Pakistan Development Review
Trade plays a vital role in determining the growth process of any country. Trade liberalisation and openness of the economy are now almost universally accepted as the main ingredients of successful economic growth and welfare of the population. These are believed to be responsible for the exceptional growth of industrialised and newly industrialised countries. Many developing countries, under the auspices of the WTO are taking major steps to liberalise their trade regimes. However, in the short run, the impact of these policy changes is generally perceived to be painful for both the producers and the consumers; and especially so for the latter. A key question here is the impact of trade reforms on poverty, which has persisted in most developing countries despite concerted efforts on many fronts to eradicate this social evil. Like many developing countries, Pakistan has undertaken far-reaching trade reforms aimed at creating an open international trading environment. Pakistan’s depen...
Welfare and Poverty Implications of Global Rice and Agricultural Trade Liberalisation for Pakistan
2006
The objective of the research is to examine the macroeconomic, welfare and poverty effects of global full and partial liberalization in rice trade and agriculture trade in Pakistan. I conducted simulations in a CGE static framework using data from 2002 social accounting matrix. I incorporate both supply and demand side factors affecting Pakistan’s agriculture trade with a focus on rice trade. The results at the macro level suggest that the trade liberalization of rice makes the traditionally inward looking sectors such as agriculture and services more open. However, in the long run it benefit more the most open sector—industry. The results indicate that liberalization of trade in agriculture and rice both benefit to all households especially to farm households in rural area. The welfare and poverty indicators –equivalent variation and FGT indices- improve for majority of households. The results also show that both rice only and agriculture liberalization increase disparity between r...
Farmers’ Poverty Eradication Policies and Resolution of Developing Countries
Journal of Sustainable Development
The problem of farmers' poverty eradication is one of puzzles of many governments. Beside political purposes, the real subsidy of governments for farmers varies from countries to others. Their policies usually aim to enhance the live of poor farmers who are the most low income stratum in the society. The governmental policies could alleviate this social problem in short term, and most of them seem to be modestly successful and confronted serious criticism. The resolution of the socio-economic situation is still a question for many agricultural countries. This paper presents the subsidy policies of some developing countries with their success and failures; the author also introduces the experiences of solving farmers' poverty in rural areas and proposes resolutions.
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Promoting Growth with Poverty Reduction
Agricultural and food policy lies at the heart of many pressing societal issues today and economic analysis occupies a privileged place in contemporary policy debates. The global food price crises of 2008 and 2010 underscored the mounting challenge of meeting rapidly increasing food demand in the face of increasingly scarce land and water resources. The twin scourges of poverty and hunger quickly resurfaced as high-level policy concerns, partly because of food price riots and mounting insurgencies fomented by contestation over rural resources. Meanwhile, agriculture's heavy footprint on natural resources motivates heated environmental debates about climate change, water and land use, biodiversity conservation and chemical pollution. Agricultural technological change, especially associated with the introduction of genetically modified organisms, also introduces unprecedented questions surrounding intellectual property rights and consumer preferences regarding credence (i.e., unobservable by consumers) characteristics. Similar new agricultural commodity consumer behavior issues have emerged around issues such as local foods, organic agriculture and fair trade, even motivating broader social movements. Public health issues related to obesity, food safety, and zoonotic diseases such as avian or swine flu also have roots deep in agricultural and food policy. And agriculture has become inextricably linked to energy policy through biofuels production. Meanwhile, the agricultural and food economy is changing rapidly throughout the world, marked by continued consolidation at both farm production and retail distribution levels, elongating value chains, expanding international trade, and growing reliance on immigrant labor and information and communications technologies. In summary, a vast range of topics of widespread popular and scholarly interest revolve around agricultural and food policy and economics. The extensive list of prospective authors, titles and topics offers a partial, illustrative listing. Thus a series of topical volumes, featuring cutting-edge economic analysis by leading scholars has considerable prospect for both attracting attention and garnering sales. This series will feature leading global experts writing accessible summaries of the best current economics and related research on topics of widespread interest to both scholarly and lay audiences.
A survey of findings on the poverty impacts of agricultural trade liberalization
The purpose of this survey is to review the available empirical evidence on the impacts of agricultural trade liberalization on poverty-considering both the impact of domestic and international liberalization. Since trade liberalization is generally an economywide phenomenon, with tariff cuts occurring across a wide range of commodities, we do not restrict ourselves to episodes where only agricultural trade was liberalized, although emphasis in this survey is given to agricultural trade policies. Furthermore, given the difficulty of isolating the effects of trade policies alone, we will also consider the impact of other types of external shocks which have the effect of changing the relative prices of tradeable and non-tradeable goods. By examining the way in which households adjust to such external shocks, we can learn a great deal about how they would respond to sharp reductions in tariffs, or significant changes in a country's international terms of trade engendered by multilateral trade liberalization.
Al-Burz, 2017
Agriculture is the main source of earning for human beings and livelihood of 86% of the rural population in developing countries including Pakistan. Studies showed that agricultural development has significantly helped in reducing poverty. The objective of this study was to understand the impacts of agriculture in alleviating poverty in the Panjgoor district of Balochistan. The information was collected from 100 traditional and modern date palm and vegetable farmers. The Data was collected through household survey questionnaires, group discussions and, key informant interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), using descriptive statistics such as, frequency distribution, percentages, ANOVA and mean. Out of six major verities of date, Mozati, Kahraba and among vegetable, okra and soybean played a significant role in improving the socioeconomic conditions (annual income, education and farm inputs such as, water, pesticides, fertili...