633 SERUM SARCOSINE INCREASES THE ACCURACY OF PROSTATE CANCER DETECTION IN LOW RANGE PSA (original) (raw)
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Sarcosine as a potential prostate cancer biomarker and therapeutic target
Cancer Biology & Therapy, 2010
sarcosine; prostate cancer; biomarker; PSA; metastasis Unlike many solid tumors which present as a single mass, prostate cancer is usually multifocal and more difficult to detect. 1 Additionally, prostate cancer symptoms do not typically present until the cancer has reached an advanced stage. 2 As a result, physicians have consistently relied on biomarkers as indicators of the presence and progression of cancer; an ideal biomarker would allow the physician to determine cancerous tissue from non-cancerous, and perhaps even metastatic cancer from localized.
Carcinogenesis, 2013
Metabolomic profiling has identified, sarcosine, a derivative of the amino acid glycine, as an important metabolite involved in the etiology or natural history of prostate cancer. We examined the association between serum sarcosine levels and risk of prostate cancer in 1122 cases (813 non-aggressive and 309 aggressive) and 1112 controls in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Sarcosine was quantified using high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A significantly increased risk of prostate cancer was observed with increasing levels of sarcosine (odds ratio [OR] for the highest quartile of exposure [Q4] versus the lowest quartile [Q1] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.65; P-trend 0.03). When stratified by disease aggressiveness, we observed a stronger association for non-aggressive cases (OR for Q4 versus Q1 = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.88; P-trend 0.006) but no association for aggressive prostate cancer (OR for Q4 versus Q1 = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.47; P-trend 0.89). Although not statistically significant, temporal analyses showed a stronger association between sarcosine and prostate cancer for serum collected closer to diagnosis, suggesting that sarcosine may be an early biomarker of disease. Interestingly, the association between sarcosine and prostate cancer risk was stronger among men with diabetes (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.04, 6.84) compared with those without reported diabetes (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.95-1.59, P-interaction = 0.01). This study found that elevated levels of serum sarcosine are associated with an increased prostate cancer risk and evidence to suggest that sarcosine may be an early biomarker for this disease.
Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Background: Currently, no potent tools are available to differentiate diagnose between patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients (NDPCa) based on increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the value may increase in both conditions. Therefore, finding new biomarkers is considered to be a major issue in this regard. Objectives: The present study aimed to differentiate BPH and NDPCa patients and evaluate serum and urine sarcosine levels as reliable markers. Methods: This study was conducted on 67 patients with NDPCa and BPH and healthy controls. PSA evaluation was performed on all the patients, and the serum and urine levels of sarcosine were measured using the ELISA assay. In addition, the serum and urine sarcosine levels were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The mean serum and urine sarcosine levels in the healthy controls were 3.0 ± 2.0 and 6.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL, respectively, while they were 9.0 ± 1.0 and 8.0 ± 1.0 ng/mL in the patients with BPH, respectively. The serum and urine sarcosine levels in the patients with NDPCa were 21.02 ± 2.0 and 15.0 ± 2.0 ng/mL, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the serum and urine sarcosine between the patients with BPH and NDPCa (P < 0.001). In addition, the serum sarcosine content increased in the patients with NDPCa and BPH compared to the healthy controls. The serum and urine levels of sarcosine had the following order: healthy controls < patients with BPH<patients with NDPCa. Conclusions: According to the results, the serum and urine sarcosine contents might provide beneficial evidence for PCA diagnosis, while differentiating the patients with BPH and NDPCa. Furthermore, sarcosine levels may be valuable markers for PCA with clinical significance compared to PSA.
The Journal of Medical Research
Prostate cancer is a type of malignancy that is defined by abnormal development of cells in the prostate tissue. Prostate cancer needs early intervention since its incidence and prevalence is high across the world leading to high morbidity and mortality. Prostatic specific antigen test which is the commonly used screening test in Kenya and across the world is nonspecific, expensive and inaccessible to many people in rural setting who are in need. The definitive histological test is invasive and requires specialized facilities and personnel. This study sought to investigate sarcosine in urine as a predictor of prostate cancer to supplement prostatic specific antigen test in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Cross sectional study design was employed in this study for all suspected prostate cancer identified according to clinical assessment during the study period. Midstream urine samples of about 30mls was collected in plastic tubes, centrifuged and supernatant collected and analyz...
EXCLI Journal, 2018
Shortly after sarcosine was delineated as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer in 2009, a variety of analytical methods for clinical application were developed. Moreover, higher uptake of glycine in the mitochondria also played a role in cancer proliferation. A major constraint in the accurate quantification of sarcosine was the interference of the two isomers, α-alanine and β-alanine, using chromatographic separation techniques. Accordingly, we aimed to develop an analytical method for determining sarcosine and its related metabolites (α- and β-alanine, glycine and creatinine) under the same conditions by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). BSTFA + 1 % TMCS was used for silylation, and GC-MS/MS conditions were optimized for the target analytes. The unique transition ions of sarcosine, α- and β-alanine, glycine and creatinine set up in MRM acquisition were m/z 116 → 73, 190 → 147, 176 → 147, 176 → 147 and 100 → 73, respectively. This newly developed method w...
The role of sarcosine metabolism in prostate cancer progression
Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2013
Metabolomic profiling of prostate cancer (PCa) progression identified markedly elevated levels of sarcosine (N-methyl glycine) in metastatic PCa and modest but significant elevation of the metabolite in PCa urine. Here, we examine the role of key enzymes associated with sarcosine metabolism in PCa progression. Consistent with our earlier report, sarcosine levels were significantly elevated in PCa urine sediments compared to controls, with a modest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71. In addition, the expression of sarcosine biosynthetic enzyme, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), was elevated in PCa tissues, while sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) and pipecolic acid oxidase (PIPOX), which metabolize sarcosine, were reduced in prostate tumors. Consistent with this, GNMT promoted the oncogenic potential of prostate cells by facilitating sarcosine production, while SARDH and PIPOX reduced the oncogenic potential of prostate cells by metabolizing sarcosine. Acco...
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011
A fully automated, non invasive, rapid and high-throughput method for the direct determination of sarcosine and N-ethylglycine in urine and urinary sediments using hexyl chloroformate derivatization followed by direct immersion solid-phase micro extraction and fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis was developed and validated. The use of a new ionic liquid narrow bore column, as well as the automation and miniaturization of the preparation procedure by a customized configuration of the utilized XYZ robotic system, allowed a friendly use of the GC apparatus achieving a quantitation limit of 0.06 g L −1 for sarcosine, good repeatability with CV always lower than 7% and reduced analysis times useful for point-of-care testing. The method was then applied for the analysis of 56 samples of urine and urinary sediments in healthy subjects, in those with benign prostatic hypertrophy and in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. The results obtained showed that the medians of sarcosine/creatinine in urine were 103, 137 and 267 g g −1 respectively, thus assessing the potential use of sarcosine as urinary biomarker for prostate cancer detection.